Table 2.
Clinical trials of γδT cell-based immunotherapy.
| Cell types | Cancer type | Phase | Stimulation | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Both Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells | Lymphoma | I | Anti-γδ T-cell receptor (TCR) antibody combine with IL-2 in vitro expanded | (114) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Renal cell carcinoma | I/II | Zoledronate and IL-2 in vivo | (115) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Renal cell carcinoma, Colon cancer, Oesophagus carcinoma, Gastric cancer, Ovarian cancer, Breast cancer | I | Bromohydrin pyrophosphate (IPH1101) combine with IL-2 in vivo | (116) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Metastatic renal cell carcinoma | I | Bromohydrin pyrophosphate (IPH1101) combine with IL-2 in vivo | (117) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or Multiple myeloma (MM) | Pilot study | IL-2 combine with pamidronate | (84) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Renal cell carcinoma | Pilot study | IL-2 in vivo | (118) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Breast cancer | II | Neoadjuvant letrozole (LET) plus zoledronic acid | (119) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Colorectal cancer | Unknown | Zoledronate and IL-2 in vitro expansion | (120) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Myeloma | II | Zoledronate and IL-2 in vivo | (121) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Neuroblastoma | I | Zoledronate and IL-2 in vivo | (82) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Leukaemia | Pilot study | Zoledronate and IL-2 in vivo | (122) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Renal cell carcinoma [RCC], Malignant melanoma, and Acute myeloid leukemia | I/II | Zoledronate and IL-2 in vivo | (123) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Renal cell carcinoma | Pilot study | Zoledronate and IL-2 in vivo | (124) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Breast cancer | II | zoledronic acid in vivo | (125) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Non-small cell lung cancer | I | Zoledronate and IL-2 in vitro expansion | (126) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Non-small cell lung cancer | I | Zoledronate and IL-2 in vitro expansion | (127) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Breast cancer | I | Zoledronate and IL-2 in vivo | (128) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Various solid tumors | Unknown | zoledronic acid in vitro | (129) |
| Vγ9Vδ2 | Breast cancer | Unknown | zoledronic acid in vivo | (130) |
| Vγ9Vδ3 | Multiple myeloma | Pilot study | Zoledronate and IL-2 in vitro expansion | (131) |
| γδ T | Pancreatic cancer | I | Combination of gemcitabine (GEM) and autologous γδ T-cell therapy | (132) |
| γδ T | Locally advanced pancreatic cancer | II | Irreversible electroporation plus allogeneic γδ T cells | (133) |
| γδ T | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). | I/II | Locoregional therapy followed by adoptive transfer of allogeneic γδ T cells | (134) |
| γδ T | Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer | II | Rapamycin and BCG instillations | (135) |