Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics of Study Groups
| BDOW/OB (n = 25) |
BDNW (n = 55) |
HC (n = 61) |
Test Statistic |
P | Effect Size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 17.32 ± 1.27 | 17.32 ± 1.45 | 16.73 ± 1.77 | F = 2.40 | .09 | η 2 = 0.03 |
| Sex (% female) | 16 (64) | 35 (64) | 32 (53) | χ 2 = 1.82 | .40 | V = 0.11 |
| SES | 4.16 ± 1.03 | 4.27 ± 0.85 | 4.33 ± 0.96 | H = 0.79 | .67 | η 2 = 0.01 |
| Race (% Caucasian) | 14 (56)a | 46 (84)b | 36 (59)a | χ 2 = 10.11 | .006 | V = 0.27 |
| Intact family (%) | 15(60) | 33(60) | 38(62) | χ 2 = 0.08 | .96 | V = 0.02 |
| Tanner stage (1–5) | 4.56 ± 0.65 | 4.38 ± 0.62 | 4.18 ± 0.67 | H = 6.89 | .03 | η 2 = 0.04 |
| BMI (adjusted) | 29.1 ± 3.94b | 21.6 ± 1.99a | 20.6 ± 1.87a | H = 65.86 | <.001 | η 2 = 0.45 |
| BMI percentilec | 92.55 ± 1.19b | 52.75 ± 3.10a | 46.34 ± 3.06a | H = 56.73 | <.001 | η 2 = 0.40 |
| Waist circumferencec | 89.89 ± 7.93b | 74.36 ± 6.47a | 72.66 ± 6.07a | H = 46.58 | <.001 | η 2 = 0.35 |
| CGAS – Most severe past | 43.84 ± 9.05 | 43.48 ± 8.72 | — | U = 660 | .87 | d = 0.04 |
| CGAS – Past monthd | 66.80 ± 9.15b | 68.87 ± 11.99b | 88.34 ± 6.44a | F = 95.41 | <.001 | η 2 = 0.54 |
| CGAS – Currentd | 62.52 ± 11.42b | 64.94 ± 12.49b | 88.36 ± 6.11a | F = 118.16 | <.001 | η 2 = 0.60 |
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index; CGAS = Children’s Global Assessment Scale; SES = socio-economic status. Values are reported in mean ± standard deviation unless otherwise specified.
a ,b Different superscripts denote a significant difference between different groups at P = .05.
c Missing data points: BMI percentile-2 BDOW/OB, 4 BDNW, 5 HC; waist circumference- 3 BDOW/OB, 6 BDNW, 3 HC.
d Homogeneity of variance violated, Welch test reported.