Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics of BDNW and BDOW/OB Groups
| BDNW (n = 55) |
BDOW/OB (n = 25) |
Test Statistic | P value | Effect Size | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BD-I (%) | 22 (40) | 8(32) | χ 2 = 0.57 | ||
| BD-II (%) | 14 (25) | 8(32) | .75 | V = 0.09 | |
| BD-NOS (%) | 19 (35) | 9 (36) | |||
| Age of onset | 15.04 ± 2.54 | 14.65 ± 2.30 | U = 592.50 | .32 | d = 0.16 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Lifetime psychosis (%) | 6 (11) | 4(16) | χ 2 = 0.41 | .72a | V = 0.07 |
| Lifetime suicide attempts (%) | 8 (15) | 5(20) | χ 2 = 0.38 | .53a | V = 0.07 |
| Lifetime self-injurious behavior (%) | 26(47) | 14(56) | χ 2 = 0.52 | .47 | V = 0.08 |
| Lifetime suicidal ideation (%) | 35 (64) | 14(56) | χ 2 = 0.42 | .52 | V = 0.07 |
| Police contact/arrest (%) | 15(27) | 2(8) | χ 2 = 3.82 | .051 | V = 0.22 |
| Lifetime physical and/or sexual abuse (%) | 5(9) | 0(0) | χ 2 = 2.42 | .32a | V = 0.17 |
| Lifetime psychiatric hospitalization (%) | 28 (51) | 10(40) | χ 2 = 0.82 | .37 | V = 0.10 |
| Current depression score | 14.58 ± 10.91 | 18.28 ± 12.45 | U = 798.00 | .25 | d = 0.32 |
| Lifetime depression score | 29.49 ± 12.65 | 30.80 ± 11.60 | U = 704.00 | .86 | d = 0.11 |
| Current mania score | 9.35 ± 10.30 | 10.12 ± 10.57 | U = 708.50 | .82 | d = 0.07 |
| Lifetime mania score | 30.71 ± 9.89 | 32.52 ± 12.22 | t = -0.70 | .48 | d = 0.16 |
| Lifetime comorbid diagnoses | |||||
| ADHD (%) | 26(47) | 10(40) | χ 2 = 0.37 | .54 | V = 0.07 |
| Any anxiety (%) | 41 (75) | 21(84) | χ 2 = 0.88 | .35 | V = 0.11 |
| ODD (%) | 9(16) | 11(44) | χ 2 = 7.00 | .008 | V = 0.30 |
| CD (%) | 2 (4) | 1(4) | χ 2 = 0.006 | >.99a | V = 0.01 |
| Nicotine use (yes/no) (%) | 7 (13) | 4(16) | χ 2 = 0.16 | .73a | V = 0.04 |
| Any SUD | 12 (22) | 6 (24) | χ 2 = 0.05 | >.99 | V = 0.02 |
| Anorexia nervosa (%) | 1 (2) | 1 (4) | χ 2 = 0.34 | .53a | V = 0.65 |
| Bulimia nervosa (%) | 3 (5) | 2 (8) | χ 2 = 0.19 | .65a | V = 0.05 |
| Eating disorder-NOS (%) | 12 (22) | 6 (24) | χ 2 = 0.05 | .83 | V = 0.02 |
| Family psychiatric history | |||||
| Mania/hypomania (%) | 26(47) | 12(48) | χ 2 = 0.004 | .95 | V = 0.01 |
| Depression (%) | 39 (71) | 18(72) | χ 2 = 0.01 | .92 | V = 0.01 |
| Anxiety (%) | 31(56) | 17(68) | χ 2 = 0.97 | .33 | V = 0.11 |
| ADHD (%) | 18 (33) | 6(24) | χ 2 = 0.62 | .43 | V = 0.09 |
| Lifetime medications | |||||
| SGA (%) | 42 (76) | 17 (68) | χ 2 = 0.62 | .43 | V = 0.09 |
| Lithium (%) | 13 (24) | 7 (28) | χ 2 = 0.18 | .68 | V = 0.05 |
| SSRI antidepressants (%) | 15(27) | 10(40) | χ 2 = 1.30 | .26 | V = 0.13 |
| Non-SSRI antidepressants (%) | 10 (18) | 6(24) | χ 2 = 0.36 | .55 | V = 0.07 |
| Stimulants (%) | 12 (22) | 4 (16) | χ 2 = 0.36 | .55 | V = 0.07 |
| Current medications | |||||
| SGA (%) | 35 (64) | 13 (52) | χ 2 = 0.97 | .33 | V = 0.11 |
| Lithium (%) | 8 (15) | 7 (28) | χ 2 = 2.04 | .22a | V = 0.16 |
| SSRI antidepressants (%) | 3(5) | 4 (16) | χ 2 = 2.39 | .20a | V = 0.17 |
| Non-SSRI antidepressants (%) | 2 (4) | 2(8) | χ 2 = 0.69 | .59a | V = 0.09 |
| Stimulants (%) | 5 (9) | 0 (0) | χ 2 = 2.42 | .32a | V = 0.17 |
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder; CD, conduct disorder; NOS, not otherwise specified; ODD, oppositional defiant disorder; SGA, second-generation antipsychotic; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SUD, substance use disorder.
Values are mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.
a P value reported from Fisher’s Exact Test. Depression score based on depression rating scale. Mania score based on mania rating scale.