TABLE 1.
Basic information description of participants.
| Dietary magnesium intake (mg/d) |
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| Variables | Total (n = 4,878) | <267 mg/d (n = 2,436) | ≥267 mg/d (n = 2,442) | P-value |
| Age (year), mean ± SD | 49.2 ± 17.7 | 50.3 ± 18.4 | 48.0 ± 16.9 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 28.9 ± 6.8 | 29.2 ± 7.0 | 28.6 ± 6.6 | 0.004 |
| FPG (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 6.0 ± 1.9 | 6.0 ± 1.9 | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 0.406 |
| OGTT (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 7.7 ± 4.3 | 7.9 ± 4.3 | 7.4 ± 4.2 | <0.001 |
| Serum-Vit D (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 61.4 (44.2, 79.3) | 58.6 (41.1, 77.0) | 63.8 (48.0, 81.5) | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 2,353 (48.2) | 947 (38.9) | 1,406 (57.6) | |
| Female | 2,525 (51.8) | 1,489 (61.1) | 1,036 (42.4) | |
| Race, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Mexican–American | 716 (14.7) | 294 (12.1) | 422 (17.3) | |
| Other Hispanic | 477 (9.8) | 243 (10) | 234 (9.6) | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 2,307 (47.3) | 1,139 (46.8) | 1,168 (47.8) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 913 (18.7) | 544 (22.3) | 369 (15.1) | |
| Other races | 465 (9.5) | 216 (8.9) | 249 (10.2) | |
| Obesity, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
| No | 3,134 (64.2) | 1,510 (62) | 1,624 (66.5) | |
| Yes | 1,744 (35.8) | 926 (38) | 818 (33.5) | |
| Education, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Did not graduate from high school | 1,228 (25.2) | 688 (28.2) | 540 (22.1) | |
| Graduated from high school | 1,068 (21.9) | 600 (24.6) | 468 (19.2) | |
| College education or above | 2,582 (52.9) | 1,148 (47.1) | 1,434 (58.7) | |
| Activity, n (%) | 0.772 | |||
| Vigorous work activity | 899 (18.4) | 464 (19) | 435 (17.8) | |
| Moderate work activity | 1,032 (21.2) | 505 (20.7) | 527 (21.6) | |
| Walk or bicycle | 682 (14.0) | 343 (14.1) | 339 (13.9) | |
| Vigorous recreational activities | 330 (6.8) | 168 (6.9) | 162 (6.6) | |
| Moderate recreational activities | 1,935 (39.7) | 956 (39.2) | 979 (40.1) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | <0.001 | |||
| No | 3,905 (80.1) | 1,892 (77.7) | 2,013 (82.4) | |
| Yes | 973 (19.9) | 544 (22.3) | 429 (17.6) | |
| Season of examination, n (%) | 0.327 | |||
| Winter | 2,304 (47.2) | 1,133 (46.5) | 1,171 (48) | |
| Summer | 2,574 (52.8) | 1,303 (53.5) | 1,271 (52) | |
| Dietary factors | ||||
| Energy (kcal) | 2106.1 ± 10.3 | 1582.5 ± 6.7 | 2628.4 ± 15.1 | <0.001 |
| Protein (gm) | 81.9 ± 42.9 | 59.1 ± 24.8 | 104.6 ± 45.0 | <0.001 |
| Fiber (gm) | 16.7 ± 10.3 | 10.7 ± 5.1 | 22.7 ± 10.7 | <0.001 |
| Calcium (mg) | 920.7 ± 603.4 | 639.1 ± 342.2 | 1201.6 ± 672.7 | <0.001 |
BMI, Body Mass Index; FPG, Fasting plasma glucose; OGGT, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.