TABLE 2. Summary of risk of bias assessment (Newcastle–Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies).

	Author, year, and country
		Clarke 2012 Costa Rica	de Lima 2014 Brazil	Figueiredo 2013 Brazil	Figueiró-Filho 2007 Brazil	Franceschi 2007 Colombia–Argentina	Gabster 2016 Panama	Hernandez-Girón 2005 Mexico	Matos 2003 Argentina	Miranda 2004 Brazil	Paredes 2015 Colombia	Pinto 2011 Brazil	Santos 2016 Brazil	Silveira 2017 Brazil	Tamayo 2011 Colombia	Vallés 2009 Guatemala
Selection	Representativeness of the sample	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*
	Sample size		*		*		*				*	*		*	*	*
	Non-responder rate									*						*
Comparability	Comparability between groups		*	*		*			*	*	*	*			*
Outcome measurement	Assessment of the outcome	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**	**
	Statistical test		*	*		*	*			*	*	*		*		*
Total score/8		3	6	5	4	5	5	3	4	6	6	6	3	5	5	6

Note:

^*The study fulfilled the assessed criteria;

^**The study measured the outcome through independent blind assessment or by record linkage.

Source: Prepared by the authors based on published data.