Table 3.
Medical management on admission during hospital stay of patients admitted with pneumonia according to the presence and acuity of heart failure
| Heart Failure | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor | Total(N=783,702) | No(N=571,499) | Yes(N=212,203) | Acute HF(N=56,133) | Chronic HF†(N=48,160) |
| Treatment (any day), No. (%) | |||||
| ACEi / ARB | 234,035(29.9) | 151,777(26.6) | 82,258(38.8) | 24,868(44.3) | 18,768(39.0) |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists | 27,128(3.5) | 10,952(1.9) | 16,176(7.6) | 5,955(10.6) | 3,672(7.6) |
| Loop diuretics | 330,692(42.2) | 168,197(29.4) | 162,495(76.6) | 52,077(92.8) | 33,419(69.4) |
| Thiazide diuretics | 13,709(1.7) | 5,267(0.92) | 8,442(4.0) | 3,519(6.3) | 1,472(3.1) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 234,169(29.9) | 155,195(27.2) | 78,974(37.2) | 22,458(40.0) | 16,842(35.0) |
| Beta blocker | 354,944 (45.2) | 212,358 (37.1) | 142,586 (67.1) | 42,826 (76.2) | 32,712 (67.9) |
| Isosorbide dinitrate | 39,188(5.0) | 17,089(3.0) | 22,099(10.4) | 7,147(12.7) | 5,462(11.3) |
| Hydralazine | 74,862(9.6) | 45,073(7.9) | 29,789(14.0) | 9,439(16.8) | 6,334(13.2) |
| Digoxin | 71,522(9.1) | 33,718(5.9) | 37,804(17.8) | 11,662(20.8) | 7,870(16.3) |
| Antiarrhythmics | 57,924(7.4) | 28,703(5.0) | 29,221(13.8) | 9,473(16.9) | 6,338(13.2) |
| Antiplatelets | 326,678(41.7) | 206,942(36.2) | 119,736(56.4) | 35,228(62.8) | 28,163(58.5) |
| Anticoagulants | 304,090(38.8) | 216,300(37.8) | 87,790(41.4) | 24,776(44.1) | 20,545(42.7) |
| Fluids | 478,933(61.1) | 360,794(63.1) | 118,139(55.7) | 30,465(54.3) | 25,956(53.9) |
| Isotonic fluids | 478,933(61.1) | 360,794(63.1) | 118,139(55.7) | 30,465(54.3) | 25,956(53.9) |
| Hypertonic fluids | 757(0.10) | 528(0.09) | 229(0.11) | 79(0.14) | 40(0.08) |
| Hypotonic fluids | 128,544(16.4) | 94,163(16.5) | 34,381(16.2) | 8,367(14.9) | 6,870(14.3) |
Comparisons for differences in baseline characteristics of HF and no HF and acute and chronic HF were made using Pearson's chi-square methods (except for age, where Mann-Whitney test was used).
†
With the except of hypotonic fluids, p-values for all comparisons of HF and no HF as well as acute and chronic HF were < 0.01. P-values were calculated using chi-square
POA, present on admission; ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker