Figure 3.

Schematic diagram of related metabolic pathways affected by VPA processing in the main tissues. Black arrows indicate the glycolysis and citrate cycle. Green arrows indicate the glutathione metabolism. Green frame and black line indicate arachidonic acid metabolism. Red arrows indicate the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. Dark blue arrows indicate Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. Orange arrows indicate glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. Purple arrows indicate butanoate metabolism. Pink arrows indicate Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. Yellow arrows indicate the arginine and proline metabolism. Light blue arrows indicate arginine biosynthesis and urea cycle. Metabolites marked in red represent potential biomarkers identified in the study.