3. Locking plate versus locking intramedullary nail for surgical fixation (all open reduction): brief characteristics.
| Study | Participants (Neer classification) | Locking plate (and surgical approach) | Locking nail (and surgical approach) | Follow‐up |
| Gracitelli 2016 | 72 participants (of 65: 75% female, mean age 65 years) with 2‐part surgical neck fractures or 3‐part surgical neck and greater tuberosity fractures (Brazil) | PHILOS locking plate (deltopectoral approach) | Centronail locking nail (anterolateral transdeltoid approach) | 1 year |
| Helfen 2020 | 60 participants (67% female, mean age 75 years) with 2‐part surgical neck fractures (Germany) |
PHILOS locking plate with bone cement augmentation (deltopectoral approach) | Multiplanar intramedullary nail (MultiLoc) (mini deltoid approach) | 2 years |
| Plath 2019 | 81 participants (of 68: 75% female, mean age 76 years) with 2‐, 3‐ or 4‐part fractures; isolated tuberosity fractures were excluded (Germany) | PHILOS locking plate (deltopectoral or lateral transdeltoid approach) | Locking Blade Nail (LBN) locking nail (anterolateral transdeltoid approach) |
1 year |
| Zhu 2011 | 57 participants (of 51: 67% female, mean age 53 years) with 2‐part surgical neck fractures (China) | Locking Proximal Humeral Plate (LPHP) or PHILOS locking plates (seems to be the deltoid‐split approach; probably similar to 'lateral transdeltoid' in Plath 2019) | Proximal Humeral Nail (PHN) locking nail (deltopectoral approach) | 3 years |
PHILOS: Proximal Humerus Internal Locking System