Z‐TUp Martinez 2021.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial: computer‐generated randomised list and sealed envelopes
Participants	143 participants with non‐surgically‐treated acute proximal humeral fractures (> 50% contact between humeral head and shaft): 1‐, 2‐, 3‐ and (only one) 4‐part fractures Of 111 in analysis: 88 females, 23 males; mean age 70.4 years (range 42 to 94 years)
Interventions	1. One week of sling immobilisation 2. Three weeks of sling immobilisation All were instructed to do passive elbow movements from first day after fracture. After immobilisation, all participants followed the same progressive rehabilitation programme.
Outcomes	Follow‐up: 24 months Pain VAS, Constant score, Simple Shoulder Test, complications, secondary treatment/surgery, radiographic assessment
Notes	Found in November 2021 top‐up search. Also listed as an ongoing study: NCT03217344 Also identified was a published conference abstract reporting 12‐month data. This reported that 146 people had been randomised and different numbers in the two groups of the 111 participants in the analysis. These discrepancies would need clarification.