TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of full and propensity-matched CDI cohortsa
| Characteristic | Full cohort |
Propensity matched |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No tigecycline (N = 3,273) |
Tigecycline (N = 28) |
P value | No tigecycline (N = 140) |
Tigecycline (N = 28) |
P value | |
| Age | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 60.7 (16.5) | 56.1 (12.9) | 0.0704 | 56.0 (17.8) | 56.1 (12.9) | 0.982 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1,643 (50.2%) | 18 (64.3%) | 0.195 | 90 (64.3%) | 18 (64.3%) | 1 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 2,617 (80.0%) | 23 (82.1%) | 0.969 | 122 (87.1%) | 23 (82.1%) | 0.538 |
| African American | 594 (18.1%) | 5 (17.9%) | 16 (11.4%) | 5 (17.9%) | ||
| Asian | 15 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Other | 47 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Hispanic | 36 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0.966 | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.571 |
| Hypotension | ||||||
| SBP <90 | 1,202 (36.7%) | 15 (53.6%) | 0.1 | 75 (53.6%) | 15 (53.6%) | 1 |
| Pressors | 314 (9.6%) | 8 (28.6%) | 0.00229 | 35 (25.0%) | 8 (28.6%) | 0.874 |
| Fever | 1,122 (34.3%) | 9 (32.1%) | 0.97 | 63 (45.0%) | 9 (32.1%) | 0.296 |
| Ileus or megacolon | 1,104 (33.7%) | 8 (28.6%) | 0.708 | 41 (29.3%) | 8 (28.6%) | 1 |
| Intensive care unit | 385 (11.8%) | 5 (17.9%) | 0.483 | 25 (17.9%) | 5 (17.9%) | 1 |
| NHSN Classification | ||||||
| CO-CDI | 1,189 (36.3%) | 6 (21.4%) | 0.157 | 29 (20.7%) | 6 (21.4%) | 0.904 |
| CO-HCFA-CDI | 575 (17.6%) | 8 (28.6%) | 46 (32.9%) | 8 (28.6%) | ||
| HO-CDI | 1,509 (46.1%) | 14 (50.0%) | 65 (46.4%) | 14 (50.0%) | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| CHF | 441 (13.5%) | 3 (10.7%) | 0.714 | 21 (15.0%) | 3 (10.7%) | 0.714 |
| PVD | 308 (9.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0.132 | 15 (10.7%) | 0 (0%) | 0.132 |
| Dementia | 67 (2.0%) | 1 (3.6%) | 1 | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0.384 |
| COPD | 563 (17.2%) | 5 (17.9%) | 1 | 31 (22.1%) | 5 (17.9%) | 0.719 |
| Rheum | 117 (3.6%) | 0 (0%) | 0.556 | 2 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Diabetes | 863 (26.4%) | 8 (28.6%) | 0.962 | 41 (29.3%) | 8 (28.6%) | 1 |
| Renal | 634 (19.4%) | 8 (28.6%) | 0.325 | 45 (32.1%) | 8 (28.6%) | 0.882 |
| Cancer | 717 (21.9%) | 9 (32.1%) | 0.283 | 51 (36.4%) | 9 (32.1%) | 0.829 |
| AIDS | 15 (0.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.77 (1.38) | 1.68 (1.35) | 0.731 | 2.12 (1.52) | 1.68 (1.35) | 0.157 |
| Recurrence | ||||||
| Initial | 2.718 (83.0%) | 22 (78.6%) | 0.0538 | 102 (72.9%) | 22 (78.6%) | 0.547 |
| 1 | 371 (11.3%) | 3 (10.7%) | 25 (17.9%) | 3 (10.7%) | ||
| 2 | 105 (3.2%) | 2 (7.1%) | 6 (4.3%) | 2 (7.1%) | ||
| 3 | 47 (1.4%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| 4 | 22 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (2.1%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| 5 | 10 (0.3%) | 1 (3.6%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1 (3.6%) | ||
| White blood cell count (cells/μL) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 14.4 (10.8) | 22.5 (28.5) | 0.15 | 20.9 (17.1) | 22.5 (28.5) | 0.785 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.15 (2.29) | 2.91 (2.40) | 0.112 | 2.89 (2.31) | 2.91 (2.40) | 0.972 |
| Albumin (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.66 (0.712) | 2.24 (0.636) | 0.00274 | 2.44 (0.707) | 2.24 (0.636) | 0.164 |
| Lactate (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.38 (2.19) | 3.92 (4.83) | 0.182 | 3.20 (2.87) | 3.92 (4.83) | 0.541 |
| Non-CDI antibiotics during treatment | 1.830 (55.9%) | 19 (67.9%) | 0.282 | 94 (67.1%) | 19 (67.9%) | 1 |
| Immunosuppression | 449 (13.7%) | 7 (25.0%) | 0.148 | 37 (26.4%) | 7 (25.0%) | 1 |
| Antimotility use | 169 (5.2%) | 4 (14.3%) | <0.001 | 14 (10.0%) | 4 (14.3%) | 0.715 |
| ATLAS Score (0–10) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 3.99 (2.10) | 5.36 (2.28) | 0.00389 | 5.38 (2.16) | 5.36 (2.28) | 0.964 |
| Zar Score (0–6) | ||||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.67 (1.27) | 2.29 (1.49) | 0.00371 | 2.26 (1.42) | 2.29 (1.49) | 0.926 |
| Year | ||||||
| 2011 | 347 (10.6%) | 1 (3.6%) | <0.001 | 4 (2.9%) | 1 (3.6%) | 0.233 |
| 2012 | 459 (14.0%) | 5 (17.9%) | 20 (14.3%) | 5 (17.9%) | ||
| 2013 | 437 (13.4%) | 2 (7.1%) | 12 (8.6%) | 2 (7.1%) | ||
| 2014 | 385 (11.8%) | 3 (10.7%) | 12 (8.6%) | 3 (10.7%) | ||
| 2015 | 408 (12.5%) | 2 (7.1%) | 17 (12.1%) | 2 (7.1%) | ||
| 2016 | 396 (12.1%) | 3 (10.7%) | 20 (14.3%) | 3 (10.7%) | ||
| 2017 | 258 (7.9%) | 0 (0%) | 15 (10.7%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| 2018 | 209 (6.4%) | 3 (10.7%) | 17 (12.1%) | 3 (10.7%) | ||
| 2019 | 172 (5.3%) | 3 (10.7%) | 10 (7.1%) | 3 (10.7%) | ||
| 2020 | 158 (4.8%) | 2 (7.1%) | 10 (7.1%) | 2 (7.1%) | ||
| 2021 | 44 (1.3%) | 4 (14.3%) | 3 (2.1%) | 4 (14.3%) | ||
n (%) unless otherwise specified. P values calculated using independent-samples t tests (continuous variables) and chi-square tests (categorical variables). P values in bold-faced type are considered to be significant. Covariates included in the propensity estimation model: age, gender, hypotension, recurrence number, pressors, creatinine, albumin, ATLAS, Zar, leukemoid reaction (white blood cells >30,000 cells/μL), intensive care, immunosuppression, non-CDI antibiotic during treatment, antimotility drug within 7 days, ileus/megacolon, cancer, renal disease, and National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Surveillance definition. SD, standard deviation; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HO-CDI, hospital-onset C. difficile infection; HO-HCFA, hospital-onset health care-facility-associated CDI; CO-CDI, community-onset CDI; CHF, congestive heart failure; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Rheum, rheumatologic disease.