Table 2.
Characteristics of the treated and never-treated areasa based on the “wide-net” definition during the pre-treatment period (2016–10-01 – 2017-05–31).
| Attribute | WST-PCG | LS-TECH-IAP | EST-EXT | PCT | MCD | Never treated (NT) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size of treatment area (square miles) at study end (2018–09-30) | 13.0 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 2.0 | 121.0 |
| Combined length of treatment trail(s) or lane(s) (miles) | 4.86 | 2.12 | 0.75 | 1.09 | 0.25 | N/A |
| Treatment area (square miles) per mile at study end (2018–09-30) | 2.7 | 2.1 | 5.4 | 4.1 | 7.9 | N/A |
| Socio-demographic characteristicsb (Estimate (95% CI)) | ||||||
| Population density (residents per square mile) | 3,709 (3,552; 3,865) | 8,763 (8,414; 9,132) | 7,816 (7,560; 8,049) | 3,590 (3,447; 3,735) | 5,584 (5,341; 5,823) | 3,876 (3,832; 3,920) |
| Median age of residents | 35 (34; 36) | 28 (27; 28) | 32 (31; 32) | 36 (34; 38) | 36 (33; 39) | 36 (36; 36) |
| Percent of residents Black | 85% (78%; 86%) | 36% (33%; 39%) | 31% (28%; 35%) | 12% (10%; 15%) | 21% (17%; 25%) | 37% (35%; 37%) |
| Percent of residents white | 11% (10%; 13%) | 45% (41%; 48%) | 60% (57%; 64%) | 69% (65%; 74%) | 69% (64%; 75%) | 53% (52%; 54%) |
| Percent of residents another race | 4% (4%; 11%) | 20% (15%; 25%) | 8% (5%; 14%) | 18% (13%; 23%) | 10% (5%; 17%) | 10% (10%; 13%) |
| Median household income (USD) | 35,931 (33,089; 38,931) | 56,152 (50,848; 61,013) | 75,226 (69,505; 80,950) | 75,958 (69,360; 82,552) | 104,042 (91,434; 116,547) | 80,172 (77,784; 82,226) |
| Median home value (USD) | 145,162 (132,506; 158,925) | 186,993 (169,875; 203,343) | 370,264 (352,971; 389,546) | 367,158 (341,490; 392,282) | 523,799 (494,030; 553,814) | 363,539 (356,025; 371,826) |
| Percent of residents who bicycle to work | 0.6% (0.6%; 1.6%) | 1.9% (1.4%; 2.8%) | 3.2% (2.3%; 4.3%) | 1.5% (0.9%; 2.3%) | 3.0% (1.7%; 4.7%) | 0.7% (0.7%; 1.5%) |
| Built-environment characteristics | ||||||
| Bicycle infrastructure (miles per square mile) (Mean (SD))c | ||||||
| Off-street paved trails | 0.51 (0) | 0.71 (0) | 2.01 (0) | 0.42 (0) | 0.83 (0) | 0.36 (0.003) |
| Protected bike lanes | 0.02 (0) | 0.31 (0) | 0.04 (0) | 0.00 (0) | 0.00 (0) | 0.01 (0) |
| Buffered bike lanes | 0.02 (0) | 0.10 (0) | 0.11 (0) | 0.00 (0) | 0.00 (0) | 0.01 (0) |
| Conventional bike lanes | 0.59 (0) | 2.49 (0) | 1.09 (0) | 0.00 (0) | 0.50 (0) | 0.37 (0) |
| Street density (miles of roadway per square mile)d | 15 | 20 | 22 | 13 | 19 | 13 |
| Bicycle-distance measures | ||||||
| Estimated (IPSW) bicycle-distance ridden (person-miles) per square mile per month (Mean (95% CI)) | 2,549 (2,436; 2,654) | 23,185 (22,514; 23,730) | 50,717 (48,727; 53,038) | 8,030 (7,792; 8,286) | 20,860 (20,115; 21,746) | 7,268 (7,152; 7,392) |
| Strava-reported bicycle-distance (person-miles) per square mile per month (Mean (95% CI)) | 166 | 1,312 | 3,037 | 488 | 1,880 | 576 |
| Estimated sampling fraction per month (Strava-reported person-miles/IPSW person-miles) (Estimate (95% CI)) | 6.5% (6.3%; 6.8%) | 5.7% (5.5%; 5.8%) | 6.0% (5.7%; 6.2%) | 6.1% (5.9%; 6.3%) | 9.0% (8.6%; 9.3%) | 7.9% (7.8%; 8.1%) |
Although this table characterizes the areas during the pre-treatment period (2016–10-01 – 2017-05–31), the areas themselves correspond to the land area as classified at the end of the study, as depicted in Figure 1, panel A.
A weighted average of census-tract-level data from the 2015–2019 5-year American Community Survey (ACS; eAppendix 2). These measures are considered time-invariant over the study period.
Mean and SD describe monthly variation during the pre-treatment period (2016–10-01 – 2017-05–31).
Excluding interstate highways, unclassified roads, and service roads, per the OpenStreetMap definition.75 Street connectivity is considered time-invariant, so a standard deviation is not presented.
Abbreviations: Abbreviations: WST-PCG, Atlanta BeltLine Westside Trail & Proctor Creek Greenway; LS-TECH-IAP, Luckie Street NW Protected Bike Lane & Georgia Tech PATH Parkway & Ivan Allen PATH; EST-EXT, Atlanta BeltLine Eastside Trail Extension; MCD, North McDonough St Protected Bike Lane, NT, never treated; CI, confidence interval; IPSW, inverse-probability-of-selection weighted; SD, standard deviation.