. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 21.

Published in final edited form as: Behav Sleep Med. 2020 Nov 30;19(5):672–688. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1846537

Table 3.

Sleep and psychological variables, adjusted for sociodemographic covariates.

	No Events M (95% CI)	Nontraumatic Event(s) M (95% CI)	Traumatic Event(s) M (95% CI)
Insomnia (ISI Total Score)	11.88	14.16	15.30
Insomnia (ISI Total Score)	(9.96, 13.79)	(13.47, 14.84)	(14.16, 16.44)
Sleep Quality (PSQI Total Score)	10.02	10.66	11.70
Sleep Quality (PSQI Total Score)	(8.63, 11.40)	(10.17, 11.16)	(10.87, 12.52)
Diary Sleep Efficiency (%)	79.56	78.03	78.10
Diary Sleep Efficiency (%)	(74.30, 84.82)	(76.15, 79.91)	(74.92, 81.28)
Objective Sleep Efficiency (%)	80.86	79.82	80.73
Objective Sleep Efficiency (%)	(77.70, 84.02)	(78.71, 80.93)	(78.86, 82.60)
Duration of Sleep Problems (Years)	15.37	14.88	19.59
Duration of Sleep Problems (Years)	(11.35, 19.39)	(13.44, 16.32)	(17.21, 21.96)
Nightmare Frequency (Nights/Week)	1.30	2.04	2.34
Nightmare Frequency (Nights/Week)	(0.11, 2.49)	(1.62, 2.45)	(1.64, 3.04)
PTSD (PCL-5 Total Score)	17.16	26.54	35.41
PTSD (PCL-5 Total Score)	(8.33, 25.98)	(23.57, 29.51)	(30.34, 40.47)
Depression (PHQ-9 Total Score)	8.75	10.70	12.12
Depression (PHQ-9 Total Score)	(6.49, 11.00)	(9.92, 11.49)	(10.80, 13.45)

Number of observations vary according to variable, from n = 299 to n = 321.

Note. ISI = Insomnia Severity Index, PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PCL-5 = PTSD Checklist-5, and PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Lower values indicate poorer sleep efficiency and greater PSQI scores indicate poorer sleep quality; analyses controlled for the following covariates: age, race/ethnicity, years of education, income, relationship status, and employment status.