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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 21.
Published in final edited form as: J Parkinsons Dis. 2022;12(1):267–282. doi: 10.3233/JPD-212851

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Forest plot showing MR estimates for the association of smoking initiation and a lifetime smoking index with PD, overall and after stratification by age at study and disease duration in cases. OR, odds ratio; Cl, confidence interval.