. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 21.

Published in final edited form as: J Parkinsons Dis. 2022;12(1):267–282. doi: 10.3233/JPD-212851

Table 2.

Effect of genetically-predicted alcohol drinking on PD

Exposure	Odds ratio (95% Cl)	P

Alcohol drinking (per 1-SD increase of ln(drinks per week))
IVW (p-heterogeneity = 0.062)	0.68 (0.39–1.18)	0.17
Weighted median	0.86 (0.42–1.75)	0.67
Weighted mode	0.86 (0.41–1.77)	0.68
MR Egger (p-pleiotropy = 0.94; I²_GX = 0.96)	0.70 (0.30–1.61)	0.40
MR-PRESSO (p-pleiotropy = 0.042, p-distortion = 0.73^a)	0.77 (0.46–1.29)	0.33
Alcohol drinking: after exclusion of 2 SNPs associated with coffee drinking: rs 1260326 and rs 2472297 (per 1-SD increase of ln(drinks per week)
IVW (p-heterogeneity=0.11)	0.78 (0.45–1.35)	0.37
Weighted median	0.88 (0.44–1.76)	0.72
Weighted mode	0.85 (0.46–1.58)	0.61
MR Egger (p-pleiotropy = 0.98; I²_GX = 0.96)	0.78 (0.34–1.78)	0.56
MR-PRESSO (p-pleiotropy = 0.089)	-	-

Cl, confidence interval; IVW, inverse variance weighted.

Outliers: rs9607814.