. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 21.

Published in final edited form as: J Parkinsons Dis. 2022;12(1):267–282. doi: 10.3233/JPD-212851

Table 3.

Effect of genetically-predicted coffee drinking on PD

Exposure	Odds ratio (95% Cl)	P

Coffee drinking (per ln(cups per day))
IVW (p-heterogeneity = 0.017)	1.69 (0.51–5.63)	0.40
Weighted median	1.51 (0.50–4.51)	0.47
Weighted mode	1.45 (0.52–4.03)	0.50
MR Egger (p-pleiotropy = 0.73; I²_GX = 0.97)	2.50 (0.21–29.59)	0.49
MR-PRESSO (p-pleiotropy = 0.035, p-distortion = 0.86)^a	1.86(0.67–5.11)	0.26
Coffee drinking: after exclusion of 2 SNPs associated with alcohol drinking: rs 1260326 and rs 2472297 (per ln(cups per day)
IVW (p-heterogeneity = 0.053)	1.09 (0.26–4.45)	0.91
Weighted median	1.06 (0.32–3.53)	0.93
Weighted mode	1.11 (0.31–4.01)	0.88
MR Egger (p-pleiotropy = 0.35; I²_GX = 0.96)	3.86 (0.22–66.63)	0.38
MR-PRESSO (p-pleiotropy = 0.12)	-	-

Cl, confidence interval; IVW, inverse variance weighted.

Outlier: rs574367.