Table 2.

Factors associated with the presence of or time to first glucocorticoid-sparing immunomodulatory prescription filled^*

	Time to first IM†		IM within 12 months‡
Factor	HR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Female	1.0 (0.8–1.4)	0.93	0.7 (0.4–1.5)	0.40
Childhood-onset SLE	1.1 (0.9–1.4)	0.26	1.8 (1.1–2.9)	0.02
Race/ethnicity
White	–	–	–	–
African American	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.25	0.6 (0.3–1.1)	0.09
Hispanic	1.0 (0.8–1.4)	0.78	0.9 (0.4–1.7)	0.66
Asian	1.0 (0.7–1.5)	0.95	0.9 (0.4–2.2)	0.80
Region
Midwest	–	–	–	–
Northeast	0.8 (0.6–1.2)	0.35	0.7 (0.3–1.5)	0.33
South	1.1 (0.8–1.4)	0.68	1.1 (0.6–1.9)	0.71
West	0.9 (0.7–1.3)	0.74	0.8 (0.4–1.7)	0.53
Household education
High school or less	–	–	–	–
Less than bachelor’s degree	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	0.84	1.2 (0.7–2)	0.49
Bachelor’s degree or higher	1.2 (0.9–1.6)	0.31	1.0 (0.5–2)	0.93
Seizure/stroke	0.8 (0.6–1.1)	0.19	0.6 (0.3–1.3)	0.22
Nephritis	1.1 (0.9–1.4)	0.30	1.7 (0.9–3.0)	0.09
Calendar year	1.1 (1.0–1.1)	<0.01	1.1 (1.1–1.2)	<0.01

^*95% CI = 95% confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; IM = immunomodulatory; OR = odds ratio; SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus.

^†Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model estimating associations between subject characteristics and time to first glucocorticoid-sparing IM prescription fill.

^‡Multivariable logistic regression model estimating associations between subject characteristics and the presence of ≥1 glucocorticoid-sparing IM prescription fill within 12 months after SLE diagnosis.