Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics of the Patients by Treatment Groups in Study 1

	Olanzapine plus probiotics		Olanzapine alone
	(N = 39)		(N = 37)
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Normal range
Age, y	24.82	5.64	23.43	4.89
Duration of illness, mo	11.49	3.51	11.08	3.64
Dose of olanzapine, mg	19.36	1.59	18.85	1.92
Weight, kg	55.63	7.54	56.75	8.35
Body mass index, kg/m2	21.26	2.59	21.25	1.69	18.5–23.9 kg/m2
Fasting glucose, mmol/L	4.41	0.39	4.40	0.37	3.90–6.10 mmol/L
Fasting insulin, µIU/mL	8.07	2.88	7.85	1.72	6.40–15.0 uIU/mL
IRI	1.59	0.59	1.54	0.38	<2.67
Triglyceride, mmol/L	0.86	0.41	0.72	0.26	<1.71 mmol/L
Cholesterol, mmol/L	3.75	0.58	3.70	0.48	2.90–5.20 mmol/L
HDL-C, mmol/L	1.21	0.18	1.23	0.14	>1.04 mmol/L
LDL-C, mmol/L**	2.39	0.44	2.10	0.36	<3.12 mmol/L
Total score of PANSS	79.77	5.37	79.65	7.37
	N	%	N	%
Female	11	28	13	35
Male	28	72	24	65

Med, median; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

^** p < .01, compared between the two treatment groups.