Table 2.
Treatment Effects of Olanzapine Plus Probiotics vs Olanzapine Monotherapy at Week 4/8/12 in Study 1
| Week 4 | Week 8 | Week 12 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean difference olanzapine plus probiotics vs olanzapine alone | p value | Mean difference olanzapine plus probiotics vs olanzapine alone | p value | Mean difference olanzapine plus probiotics vs olanzapine alone | p value | |
| Primary outcomes | ||||||
| Weight, kg | −0.82 (−2.38, 0.73) | .293 | −1.45 (−3.02, 0.13) | .072 | −1.74 (−3.79, 0.31) | .095 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | −0.40 (−0.83, 0.03) | .064 | −0.43 (−1.06, 0.20) | .179 | −0.45 (−1.29, 0.38) | .284 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||
| Fasting insulin, µIU/mL | −0.70 (−1.35, −0.04) | .037 | −2.26 (−3.48, −1.04) | <.001 | −3.64 (−5.71, −1.58) | <.001 |
| IRI | −0.18 (−0.34, 0.02) | .031 | −0.51 (−0.77, −0.24) | <.001 | −0.65 (−1.10, −0.20) | .005 |
| Fasting glucose, µIU/mL | −0.14 (−0.33, 0.04) | .123 | −0.10 (−0.27,0.08) | .269 | 0.13 (−0.04, 0.31) | .133 |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | −0.10 (−0.20, 0.00) | .059 | 0.11 (−0.25, 0.03) | .128 | −0.11 (−0.29, 0.07) | .222 |
| Cholesterol, mmol/L | 0.24 (0.06, 0.42) | .009 | 0.08 (−0.14, 0.31) | .465 | −0.10 (−0.39, 0.19) | .496 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 0.02 (−0.05, 0.09) | .522 | 0.05 (−0.04, 0.13) | .266 | 0.04 (−0.06,0.15) | .425 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 0.14 (0.00, 0.29) | .046 | 0.07 (−0.16, 0.30) | .538 | 0.09 (−0.20, 0.37) | .550 |
The estimated differences are based on the estimated marginal means. P values represented the differences in characteristics at different time points between the olanzapine plus probiotics group and the olanzapine alone group.
IRI, insulin resistance index; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; IRI was calculated as insulin level (mIU/L) × fasting glucose(mmol/L)/22.5. Data were presented with estimated mean difference and 95% confidence interval.