Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participantsa
| Dataset 1 (n = 518) | Dataset 2 (n = 340) | Dataset 3 (n = 112) | Dataset 4 (n = 115) | Dataset 5 (n = 139) | Dataset 6 (n = 188) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | SCZ | CON | CON | SCZ | CON | SCZ | CON | SCZ | CON | SCZ | CON |
| Sample size | 301 | 217 | 340 | 49 | 63 | 32 | 83 | 67 | 72 | 56 | 132 |
| Disease stage | FE | — | — | ESTb | — | EST | — | EST | — | EST | — |
| Age (y) | 24.2 ± 8.5 | 33.80 ± 15.63 | 24.7 ± 9.0 | 29.0 ± 6.4 | 29.6 ± 10.6 | 40.9 ± 10.9 | 28.1 ± 9.0 | 38.3 ± 14.1 | 35.9 ± 11.7 | 36.2 ± 8.5 | 31.0 ± 8.6 |
| Gender (M/F) | 131/170 | 85/132 | 157/183 | 38/11 | 25/38 | 24/8 | 38/45 | 54/13 | 51/21 | 42/14 | 69/63 |
| Handedness (R/L/B) | 301/0/0 | 217/0/0 | NA | 40/7/2 | 54/7/2 | 32/0/0 | 83/0/0 | 55/10/2 | 69/1/2 | NA | NA |
| Education (y) | 12.1 ± 3.0 | 11.4 ± 3.4 | NA | 16.6 ± 2.0 | 17.4 ± 2.0 | 14.7 ± 4.4 | 17.7 ± 3.3 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Medication (An/Dn) | 0/90 | NA | NA | 48/1 | NA | 23/5c | NA | 67/0 | NA | 45/4g | NA |
| PANSS total | 76.5 ± 24.4d | NA | NA | 44.2 ± 12.4 | NA | NA | NA | 58.8 ± 14.4e | NA | NA | NA |
| PANSS positive | 20.2 ± 9.0d | NA | NA | 10.1 ± 4.4 | NA | NA | NA | 14.4 ± 4.8e | NA | NA | NA |
| PANSS negative | 17.2 ± 7.5d | NA | NA | 10.8 ± 5.3 | NA | NA | NA | 15.0 ± 5.4e | NA | NA | NA |
| PANSS general | 39.5 ± 12.9d | NA | NA | 23.2 ± 5.5 | NA | NA | NA | 29.4 ± 8.6e | NA | NA | NA |
| SAPS | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7.6 ± 12.3f | NA | NA | NA | 23.1 ± 17.0h | NA |
| SANS | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 13.3 ± 17.9f | NA | NA | NA | 28.3 ± 16.1h | NA |
Note: An, antipsychotic medication; B, ambidextrous; CON, control; Dn, drug-naive; EST, established; F, female; FE, first episode; L, left; M, male; NA, not available; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; R, right; SANS, Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; SAPS, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms; SCZ, schizophrenia.
aData are presented as mean ± standard deviation.
bPatients were diagnosed with established schizophrenia if duration of illness was more than 24 months.
cData available for 28 of 32 patients.
dData available for 272 of 301 patients.
eData available for 49 of 67 patients.
fData available for 24 of 32 patients.
gData available for 49 of 56 patients.
hData available for 50 of 56 patients.