Table 1.
The Risk of Relapse Associated with Specific Dose Categories (in DDDs Per Day) of Specific Antipsychotic Monotherapies, in Rank Order, Compared with Nonuse of Antipsychotics. Information on N of Users, Person-years (PYs), and Events (Rehospitalizations) also Provided
| Drug | Dose | aHR (95% CI) | P-value | Users | PYs | Events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olanzapine LAI | 1.4–<1.6 | 0.17 (0.11–0.25) | <.0001 | 376 | 268 | 34 |
| Olanzapine LAI | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.21 (0.13–0.35) | <.0001 | 233 | 147 | 21 |
| Olanzapine LAI | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.24 (0.17–0.36) | <.0001 | 352 | 214 | 35 |
| Olanzapine LAI | ≥1.6 | 0.36 (0.32–0.42) | <.0001 | 727 | 823 | 315 |
| Risperidone LAI | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.37 (0.33–0.41) | <.0001 | 2016 | 2706 | 408 |
| Clozapine | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.37 (0.36–0.39) | <.0001 | 8005 | 12 967 | 2600 |
| Clozapine | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.39 (0.37–0.41) | <.0001 | 8811 | 17 713 | 3924 |
| Olanzapine | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.40 (0.38–0.43) | <.0001 | 7365 | 12 111 | 1464 |
| Clozapine | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.41 (0.39–0.43) | <.0001 | 8004 | 15 546 | 3436 |
| Zuclopenthixol LAI | <0.6 | 0.42 (0.37–0.47) | <.0001 | 1494 | 4278 | 507 |
| Perphenazine LAI | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.42 (0.38–0.46) | <.0001 | 1900 | 3365 | 672 |
| Zuclopenthixol LAI | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.42 (0.39–0.47) | <.0001 | 1968 | 3951 | 736 |
| Haloperidol LAI | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.44 (0.38–0.52) | <.0001 | 778 | 1225 | 251 |
| Perphenazine LAI | <0.6 | 0.44 (0.39–0.49) | <.0001 | 1523 | 3872 | 579 |
| Risperidone LAI | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.44 (0.40–0.49) | <.0001 | 2366 | 3402 | 653 |
| Risperidone LAI | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.44 (0.40–0.49) | <.0001 | 2008 | 2709 | 612 |
| Haloperidol LAI | 1.4–<1.6 | 0.45 (0.36–0.55) | <.0001 | 541 | 475 | 128 |
| Risperidone LAI | <0.6 | 0.45 (0.38–0.54) | <.0001 | 1056 | 852 | 190 |
| Olanzapine | 1.4–<1.6 | 0.45 (0.41–0.48) | <.0001 | 6064 | 6417 | 1159 |
| Zuclopenthixol | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.46 (0.35–0.61) | <.0001 | 417 | 425 | 80 |
| Zuclopenthixol | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.46 (0.38–0.56) | <.0001 | 667 | 1071 | 162 |
| Perphenazine LAI | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.46 (0.41–0.52) | <.0001 | 1480 | 1463 | 401 |
| Clozapine | 1.4–<1.6 | 0.46 (0.44–0.49) | <.0001 | 7222 | 6981 | 2169 |
| Perphenazine LAI | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.47 (0.41–0.53) | <.0001 | 1378 | 1773 | 395 |
| Zuclopenthixol LAI | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.47 (0.43–0.52) | <.0001 | 1915 | 2978 | 610 |
| Haloperidol LAI | <0.6 | 0.48 (0.40–0.58) | <.0001 | 599 | 1683 | 187 |
| Clozapine | <0.6 | 0.50 (0.47–0.53) | <.0001 | 5957 | 10 502 | 2665 |
| Haloperidol LAI | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.51 (0.43–0.61) | <.0001 | 764 | 1194 | 226 |
| Aripiprazole | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.51 (0.44–0.60) | <.0001 | 1639 | 1735 | 249 |
| Olanzapine | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.52 (0.49–0.56) | <.0001 | 7392 | 9741 | 1775 |
| Aripiprazole | <0.6 | 0.53 (0.43–0.66) | <.0001 | 842 | 807 | 155 |
| Olanzapine | <0.6 | 0.53 (0.49–0.57) | <.0001 | 6224 | 10 122 | 1536 |
| Clozapine | ≥1.6 | 0.53 (0.51–0.55) | <.0001 | 8190 | 19 349 | 6664 |
| Zuclopenthixol LAI | 1.4–<1.6 | 0.54 (0.47–0.62) | <.0001 | 997 | 646 | 299 |
| Risperidone | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.54 (0.51–0.58) | <.0001 | 5920 | 9224 | 1728 |
| Perphenazine LAI | 1.4–<1.6 | 0.56 (0.46–0.68) | <.0001 | 725 | 398 | 150 |
| Aripiprazole | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.56 (0.47–0.66) | <.0001 | 1280 | 1056 | 218 |
| Zuclopenthixol LAI | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.56 (0.51–0.62) | <.0001 | 1531 | 1542 | 615 |
| Olanzapine | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.57 (0.54–0.61) | <.0001 | 7498 | 5979 | 1615 |
| Haloperidol LAI | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.58 (0.50–0.67) | <.0001 | 786 | 924 | 277 |
| Olanzapine | ≥1.6 | 0.58 (0.56–0.60) | <.0001 | 11 351 | 26 988 | 7598 |
| Chlorprotixene | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.60 (0.53–0.69) | <.0001 | 1598 | 2537 | 361 |
| Zuclopenthixol LAI | ≥1.6 | 0.63 (0.59–0.67) | <.0001 | 1919 | 2957 | 1608 |
| Levomepromazine | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.64 (0.47–0.86) | .0035 | 423 | 328 | 79 |
| Zuclopenthixol | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.64 (0.50–0.82) | .0004 | 416 | 309 | 117 |
| Haloperidol LAI | ≥1.6 | 0.64 (0.58–0.70) | <.0001 | 1043 | 1853 | 899 |
| Risperidone | <0.6 | 0.64 (0.61–0.67) | <.0001 | 9695 | 22 175 | 3773 |
| Haloperidol | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.65 (0.54–0.78) | <.0001 | 562 | 576 | 186 |
| Zuclopenthixol | ≥1.6 | 0.66 (0.55–0.78) | <.0001 | 580 | 962 | 275 |
| Haloperidol | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.66 (0.57–0.77) | 0.0827 | 829 | 767 | 292 |
| Risperidone | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.66 (0.60–0.72) | <.0001 | 2889 | 3098 | 858 |
| Olanzapine LAI | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.67 (0.43–1.05) | 0.0827 | 136 | 83 | 32 |
| Zuclopenthixol | <0.6 | 0.67 (0.59–0.77) | <.0001 | 1076 | 2307 | 383 |
| Aripiprazole | 1.4–<1.6 | 0.68 (0.52–0.89) | 0.0051 | 597 | 254 | 84 |
| Haloperidol | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.68 (0.56–0.82) | <.0001 | 502 | 335 | 165 |
| Levomepromazine | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.68 (0.57–0.81) | <.0001 | 813 | 864 | 217 |
| Risperidone | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.68 (0.62–0.74) | <.0001 | 3034 | 1847 | 709 |
| Haloperidol | <0.6 | 0.69 (0.63–0.75) | <.0001 | 2876 | 6505 | 1078 |
| Perphenazine LAI | ≥1.6 | 0.70 (0.63–0.79) | <.0001 | 1112 | 1262 | 586 |
| Quetiapine | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.71 (0.64–0.79) | <.0001 | 2787 | 2564 | 699 |
| Zuclopenthixol | 1.4–<1.6 | 0.72 (0.50–1.04) | .0759 | 263 | 147 | 47 |
| Chlorprotixene | 0.9–<1.1 | 0.72 (0.62–0.85) | .0001 | 982 | 1105 | 234 |
| Perphenazine | <0.6 | 0.72 (0.68–0.76) | <.0001 | 6761 | 21 906 | 3169 |
| Quetiapine | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.73 (0.67–0.81) | <.0001 | 3048 | 2134 | 741 |
| Chlorprotixene | <0.6 | 0.73 (0.68–0.79) | <.0001 | 3998 | 10 223 | 1349 |
| Quetiapine | 1.4–<1.6 | 0.74 (0.67–0.83) | <.0001 | 2354 | 2002 | 557 |
| Chlorprotixene | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.75 (0.63–0.90) | .0015 | 915 | 847 | 205 |
| Levomepromazine | <0.6 | 0.75 (0.71–0.80) | <.0001 | 5114 | 8584 | 1742 |
| Levomepromazine | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.77 (0.56–1.06) | .1032 | 364 | 268 | 72 |
| Haloperidol | 1.4–<1.6 | 0.77 (0.58–1.01) | .0604 | 318 | 227 | 79 |
| Risperidone LAI | 1.4–<1.6 | 0.77 (0.65–0.91) | .0021 | 1024 | 384 | 225 |
| Aripiprazole | ≥1.6 | 0.78 (0.69–0.89) | .0002 | 1489 | 1351 | 487 |
| Chlorprotixene | 1.4–<1.6 | 0.79 (0.61–1.03) | .0771 | 474 | 254 | 88 |
| Quetiapine | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.79 (0.73–0.86) | .828 | 3867 | 3560 | 1040 |
| Quetiapine | <0.6 | 0.79 (0.75–0.84) | .9391 | 7633 | 12 081 | 2510 |
| Perphenazine | 0.6–<0.9 | 0.83 (0.74–0.93) | .0008 | 1823 | 2270 | 584 |
| Aripiprazole | 1.1–<1.4 | 0.87 (0.73–1.05) | .1401 | 1214 | 554 | 205 |
| Risperidone | 1.4–<1.6 | 0.94 (0.80–1.09) | .3805 | 1317 | 621 | 291 |
| Olanzapine LAI | <0.6 | 0.95 (0.34–2.68) | .9284 | 26 | 12 | 8 |
| Quetiapine | ≥1.6 | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | .828 | 4295 | 4559 | 2484 |
| Levomepromazine | ≥1.6 | 1.01 (0.77–1.33) | .9391 | 385 | 179 | 103 |
| Chlorprotixene | ≥1.6 | 1.03 (0.88–1.20) | .7097 | 908 | 630 | 332 |
| Haloperidol | ≥1.6 | 1.07 (0.92–1.25) | .3574 | 628 | 507 | 321 |
| Levomepromazine | 1.4–<1.6 | 1.11 (0.71–1.75) | .6487 | 176 | 80 | 36 |
| Perphenazine | 0.9–<1.1 | 1.32 (1.09–1.61) | .0053 | 739 | 345 | 188 |
| Risperidone | ≥1.6 | 1.34 (1.22–1.47) | <.0001 | 2507 | 1057 | 869 |
| Risperidone LAI | ≥1.6 | 1.41 (1.25–1.59) | <.0001 | 1332 | 401 | 493 |
| Perphenazine | 1.1–<1.4 | 1.57 (1.21–2.04) | .0006 | 487 | 144 | 120 |
| Perphenazine | 1.4–<1.6 | 2.54 (1.70–3.79) | <.0001 | 193 | 27 | 50 |
| Perphenazine | ≥1.6 | 3.35 (2.37–4.73) | <.0001 | 560 | 44 | 88 |
Note: DDD, defined daily dose; LAI, long-acting injectable antipsychotic; aHR, adjusted Hazard Ratio.