Table 4.
Association of severity and outcome of COVID-19 with the presence and absence of GI manifestations
| GI Manifestations | No GI Manifestations | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| MOH Severity Criteria | |||
| Mild-Moderate | 52 (46.85%) | 105 (37.63%) | 0.14 |
| Severe | 34 (30.63%) | 86 (30.82%) | |
| Critical | 25 (22.52%) | 88 (31.54%) | |
| Severe | |||
| Pneumonia on chest X-ray | 82 (73.87%) | 215 (77.34%) | 0.47 |
| Respiratory rate >30/min | 34 (30.63%) | 114 (40.86%) | 0.06 |
| SpO2 <93% on room air | 60 (54.05%) | 175 (62.72%) | 0.11 |
| PaO2 and FiO2 ratio <300 | 34 (33.33%) | 115 (44.40%) | 0.05 |
| Lung infiltration >50% of lung fields within 24-48 h | 29 (26.13%) | 108 (38.71%) | 0.02* |
| Critical | |||
| ARDS | 23 (20.72%) | 86 (30.82%) | 0.04* |
| Sepsis | 15 (13.51%) | 52 (18.64%) | 0.23 |
| Altered mental status | 11 (9.91%) | 51 (18.28%) | 0.04* |
| Multiorgan failure | 8 (7.21%) | 44 (15.77%) | 0.02* |
| Cytokine storm syndrome | 23 (21.50%) | 89 (33.21%) | 0.02* |
| Outcome | |||
| Length of hospitalization | 13.56±18.88 | 13.54±13.58 | 0.99 |
| Need for ICU admission | 33 (29.73%) | 106 (37.99%) | 0.12 |
| Need for mechanical ventilation | 22 (19.82%) | 80 (28.67%) | 0.07 |
| Death | 9 (8.11%) | 52 (18.64%) | 0.01* |
*Significant at P <0.05 level. GI, Gastrointestinal; MOH, Ministry of Health; SpO2, Oxygen Saturation; PaO2, Partial Pressure of Oxygen; FiO2, Fraction of Inspired Oxygen; ARDS, Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome; ICU, Intensive Care Unit