Skip to main content
. 2022 Jun 21;17(6):e0269970. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269970

Fig 4. Standardized difference plot for each cohort with and without inverse probability weighting.

Fig 4

Red dots and squares are the crude standardized difference of the patient subpopulation with high bilirubin (patients with greater than or equal to median baseline serum bilirubin value) against low bilirubin. Positive standardized difference indicates positive correlation between high bilirubin and the baseline characteristic listed in y-axis. We consider absolute standardized difference over 10% to be significantly different baseline characteristic between the high bilirubin group and low bilirubin group. Green dots and squares are the standardized difference after inverse probability weighting. Filled squares indicates these covariates (Sex, ALT, AST, Race, Age, Body Mass Index, Smoking) are used to calculate the propensity score for the inverse probability weighting. After the inverse probability weighting the difference of baseline characteristics between high bilirubin and low bilirubin subpopulations become not significant except HOMA2 Beta Cell, HOMA2 Insulin Sensitivity (for SAVOR), Serum Uric Acid and ALT (for CPRD cohorts). We note that the proportion of missing baseline records for HOMA2 Beta Cell, HOMA2 Insulin Sensitivity (for SAVOR), Serum Uric Acid and ALT (for CPRD-DM2) are 56%, 56%, 93%, 85%, respectively. Protein Dipstick Test results are converted in to the numerical values in the order of null, trace, +, ++ as 0,1,2,3 respectively. Sex is coded 0 as female and 1 as male. isAsian, isPacific Islander, isWhite, is Native, is Other, is Mix, is Black are the binary coding of the racial category of the patient, for example if the reported race of the patient is an Asian then 1 as isAsian variable and 0 for isPacific Islander, isWhite, isNative, isOther, isMix, and isBlack. Smoking is coded as a binary variable where 1 indicates the current smoker and 0 otherwise. Time baseline measurements are taken was recorded in 24 hr scale with minutes converted into fraction of an hour. Other diabetic medication is the medication included in the British National Formulary (BNF) code chapter ‘Other Antidiabetic Drugs’.