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. 2022 Jun 17:457–469. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-99277-0.00016-4
Exposure Direct impact
Education School Administration
  • 10,841,616 students affected (Kindergarten to Bachelor's degree)

  • 41,073 schools closed (excl. HEIs)

  • Loss of learning days—7 days missing for Semester 1/2020, and 12 missing for Semester 2/2020

  • Academic schedule shifted from May to July in the 1st semester and November to December in the 2nd semester
    • 1/2020: July 1–November 13
    • 2/2020: December 1–April 9
  • Delayed reopening of Thai public schools and kindergartens

  • Inadequate capacity of schools to handling distance learning caused learning loss and gaps

School Attendance
  • Decrease in number of school attendance after reopening

  • School/university dismissals

  • High risk of dropout among the extremely poor students

Class Management
  • A sudden shift of teaching from in-class to digital platforms

  • Increase of workload on teachers, as well as stress and pressure of a new way of teaching