Table 2.1.
Nanoengineered vaccines and therapeutics in development for management of COVID-19.
| Nanodevice | Type | Composition | Remarks | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NVX-CoV2373 | Vaccine | Solid lipid nanoparticle; comprised of ionizable lipid, SM-102, and 3 commercially available lipids, cholesterol, DSPC, and PEG2000-DMG | Results showed that the vaccine is safe and effective | ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04368988 |
| mRNA-1273 LNP | Vaccine | Recombinant peptide nanoparticle vaccine | Vaccine combined with Matrix-M1 as an adjuvant currently tested in phase 2 | https://ir.novavax.com/news-releases/news-release-details/novavax-identifies-coronavirus-vaccine-candidate-accelerates (accessed on June 2021) |
| Ribavirin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles | Therapeutic | Polyglycerol-adipate (PGA) polymeric nanoparticles | Lower accumulation of ribavirin inside RBCs –lower toxicity | Abo-zeid et al. (2018) |
| Lopinavir-vitamin E-TPGS Micelle | Therapeutic | D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate | Higher oral bioavailability than the free drug suspension | Mahajan and Patil (2020) and Pham et al. (2016). |
| Lopinavir-loaded polymeric nanoparticles | Therapeutic | Pullulan acetate polymer | Higher bioavailability than the free lopinavir | Ravi et al. (2014) |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir-loaded polymeric nanoparticles | Therapeutic | Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer | Higher bioavailability of lopinavir | Abou-El-Naga et al. (2017) |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir-loaded in situ self-assembly nanoparticles | Therapeutic | Oleic acid and D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate | Enhanced oral bioavailability, stable therapeutic plasma concentrations, and improved biodistribution | Pham et al. (2016) |
| Oseltamivir modified silver nanoparticles | Therapeutic | Oseltamivir-modified silver nanoparticles | Higher antiviral activity and lower toxicity than the free drug and the unloaded silver nanoparticles | Li et al. (2016) |