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. 2022 Jun 20;240:108233. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108233

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Fig. 3 — Targets for human neutralizing mAb against infectious diseases.

a) SARS-CoV-2 infection. The S protein binds to ACE2 via the S1 RBD. The main target is S1. b) Influenza virus infection. The targets are HA and NA. HA interacts with host sialic receptors to facilitate host cell entry. c) EBOV infection. The target is the glycoprotein. d) HCV infection. The target is the E1-E2 complex, which will interfere with the interaction between the E2 and CD81. e) ZIKV and DENV infection. The target is the E protein containing DI, DII, and DIII. DIII is a better target for obtaining cross-reactive mAbs than DII. f) Bacterial toxins and other targets. The toxin is the main target for mAb therapeutics. LPS is also a target for suppressing bacterial infection. ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; DENV, Dengue virus; GP, glycoprotein; EBOV, Ebola virus; HA, hemagglutinin; HCV, hepatitis C virus; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; mAb, monoclonal antibody; NA, neuraminidase; RBD, receptor-binding domain; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; ZIKV, zika virus.