Table 2.

Measures used in the analysis.

Measure	Variable	Code	Definition	Source	Range	Scaling for SEM
Behavioral response from stakeholders [3]	Retweet rate	BR_RT	Number of retweets [26]	Extracted Twitter data	[0, 351,019]	Standardized
	Affective response	BR_AR	Number of likes to a tweet [26]		[0, 1,080,437]	Standardized
	Reach	BR_RE	Number of Twitter followers [22]		[51, 22,350,753]	Standardized
Crisis response strategy [3]	Business continuity	CRS_BC	Topic score of tweets on business continuity in new normal [49]	Topic mining on extracted Twitter data and formula (4)	[0,1]	Standardized
	Employee well-being	CRS_EW	Topic score of tweets on employee well-being in new normal [50]		[0,2]	Standardized
	Awareness generation	CRS_AG	Topic score of tweets sharing information and raising public awareness on COVID [39]		[0,3]	Standardized
	Resource contribution	CRS_RC	Topic score of tweets declaring organizational resource contribution to fight COVID [38]		[0,2]	Standardized
Emotional category [3,11]	Positive emotions	E_POS	The intensity of anticipation, joy, surprise, and trust are measures of positive emotions [35]	Emotion mining on extracted Twitter data and formulae (1), (2) and (3)	[0.0,7.0]	Standardized
	Negative emotions	E_NEG	The intensity of anger, disgust, fear, and sadness are measures of negative emotions [5]		[0.0, 10.423]	Standardized
Reputation [3]	Reputation	O_REP	Organizational reputation	Fortune reputation index [41]	{0,1}	Dummy encoded {0,1}
Organizational parameters (control variables)	Size of the organization	O_SOO	Number of employees [40]	Fortune database	[1330,2,200,000]	Standardized
	Technology sector	O_TIS	Dummy variable to indicate technology sector		{0,1}	Dummy {0,1}
	Financial sector	O_FIS	Dummy variable to indicate the financial sector		{0,1}	Dummy {0,1}
	Twitter age	O_TWA	Number of days from the creation of Twitter page [51]	Extracted Twitter data	[163, 5085]	Standardized
	Number of tweets	O_NTS	Number of tweets during the crisis period		{0,1}	Standardized