Table 1.
Distribution of 2919 Egyptian participants according to their sociodemographic, personal characteristics and SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity.
| SARS-CoV-2 antibodies |
Crude OR (95% CI; LL-UL) |
p-value |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seronegative (n = 1355) |
Seropositive (n = 1564) |
|||||
| No. | % | No. | % | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 617 | 49.6% | 627 | 50.4% | Ref. | |
| Female | 738 | 44.1% | 937 | 55.9% | 1.249 (1.078–1.447)a | 0.003 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| >15 | 233 | 51.0% | 224 | 49.0% | Ref. | |
| 15–29 | 220 | 44.4% | 275 | 55.6% | 1.300(1.007–1.678)a | 0.044 |
| 30–39 | 276 | 44.7% | 341 | 55.3% | 1.285(1.008–1.638)a | 0.043 |
| 40–59 | 472 | 45.6% | 564 | 54.4% | 1.243(0.997–1.549) | 0.053 |
| 60+ | 154 | 49.0% | 160 | 51.0% | 1.081(0.811–1.441) | 0.597 |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 919 | 45.3% | 1110 | 54.7% | 1.160 (0.991–1.358) | 0.065 |
| Rural | 436 | 49.0% | 454 | 51.0% | Ref. | |
| Educational level (n = 2201 adults older than 23) | ||||||
| Illiterate/ Primary | 236 | 51.4% | 223 | 48.6% | Ref. | |
| Preparatory/ Secondary | 336 | 44.0% | 428 | 56.0% | 1.348 (1.069–1.700)a | 0.012 |
| University and higher | 438 | 44.8% | 540 | 55.2% | 1.305 (1.045–1.629)a | 0.019 |
| Marital status (n = 2331) | ||||||
| Single | 165 | 48.8% | 173 | 51.2% | Ref. | |
| Married | 817 | 45.8% | 967 | 54.2% | 1.129 (0.894–1.425) | 0.307 |
| Divorced/Widowed | 89 | 42.6% | 120 | 57.4% | 1.286 (0.909–1.820) | 0.156 |
| Crowding Index | ||||||
| < 1 | 639 | 48.0% | 691 | 52.0% | Ref. | |
| 1+ | 716 | 45.1% | 873 | 54.9% | 1.128 (0.974-1.305) | 0.107 |
| Comorbiditiesb | ||||||
| No | 978 | 46.7% | 1118 | 53.3% | Ref. | |
| Yes | 377 | 45.8% | 446 | 54.2% | 1.035 (0.880–1.217) | 0.678 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| No | 1092 | 44.1% | 1385 | 55.9% | 1.864 (1.517–2.289)a | 0.000 |
| Yes | 263 | 59.5% | 179 | 40.5% | Ref. | |
| Exercise | ||||||
| Never | 213 | 44.7% | 263 | 55.3% | 1.076 (0.873–1.325) | 0.491 |
| Occasionally | 478 | 47.0% | 539 | 53.0% | 0.983 (0.836–1.154) | 0.831 |
| Consistently | 664 | 46.6% | 762 | 53.4% | Ref. | |
| Dietary habits | ||||||
| Poor | 97 | 46.4% | 112 | 53.6% | Ref. | |
| Fair | 1087 | 46.6% | 1245 | 53.4% | 0.992(0.747–1.317) | 0.956 |
| Good | 171 | 45.2% | 207 | 54.8% | 1.048(0.747–1.471) | 0.785 |
| Blood group | ||||||
| A | 438 | 44.2% | 553 | 55.8% | 1.249 (1.042–1.496)a | 0.016 |
| B | 347 | 45.6% | 414 | 54.4% | 1.180 (0.972–1.432) | 0.094 |
| AB | 122 | 45.9% | 144 | 54.1% | 1.167 (0.887–1.536) | 0.269 |
| O | 448 | 49.7% | 453 | 50.3% | Ref. | |
| RH | ||||||
| Positive | 1256 | 46.3% | 1454 | 53.7% | 1.042(0.786–1.381) | 0.775 |
| Negative | 99 | 47.4% | 110 | 52.6% | Ref. | |
| Pregnancy (n = 988) | ||||||
| No | 400 | 42.8% | 534 | 57.2% | Ref. | |
| Yes | 22 | 40.7% | 32 | 59.3% | 1.090 (0.624–1.904) | 0.763 |
| BMI | ||||||
| Normal weight | 386 | 51.2% | 368 | 48.8% | Ref. | |
| Underweight | 26 | 56.5% | 20 | 43.5% | 0.807(0.443–1.470) | 0.483 |
| Overweight/obese | 943 | 44.5% | 1176 | 55.5% | 1.308(1.107–1.545)a | 0.002 |
a
Significant results p <0.05.
b
Comorbidities included Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic liver, kidney, lung, and heart diseases.