Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study groups.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 555) | Mild - moderate (n = 459) | Severe/critical (n = 96) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, months (median, IQR) | 22.3 (3.2–88.6) | 21.0 (2.9–80.7) | 38.7 (5.9–113.9) | 0.03 |
| Male (n, %) | 306 (55.1) | 248 (54.0) | 58 (60.4) | 0.25 |
| Female (n, %) | 249 (44.9) | 211 (46.0) | 38 (39.6) | |
| Family history/close contact (n, %) | 469 (84.5) | 392 (85.4) | 77 (80.2) | 0.20 |
| Underlying disease (n, %) | 192 (34.6) | 134 (29.2) | 58 (60.4) | <0.001 |
| None | 363 (65.4) | 325 (70.8) | 38 (39.6) | |
| Neurologic disease | 44 (7.9) | 29 (6.3) | 15 (15.6) | 0.002 |
| Congenital heart disease | 18 (3.2) | 11 (2.4) | 7 (7.3) | 0.014 |
| Respiratory disease | 13 (2.3) | 9 (2.0) | 4 (4.2) | 0.25 |
| Gastrointestinal - hepatic disease | 19 (3.4) | 11 (2.4) | 8 (8.3) | 0.004 |
| Kidney disease | 24 (4.3) | 20 (4.4) | 4 (4.2) | 0.93 |
| Hematologic disease | 22 (4.0) | 20 (4.4) | 2 (2.1) | 0.40 |
| Obesitya | 34 (6.1) | 14 (3.1) | 20 (20.8) | <0.001 |
| Others | 27 (4.9) | 20 (4.4) | 7 (7.3) | – |
| Clinical symptoms (n, %) | ||||
| Feverb | 430 (77.5) | 344 (74.9) | 86 (89.6) | 0.002 |
| Cough | 283 (51) | 201 (43.8) | 82 (85.4) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnea/Tachypnea | 129 (23.2) | 44 (9.6) | 85 (88.5) | <0.001 |
| Runny nose | 100 (18.0) | 77 (16.8) | 23 (24) | 0.09 |
| Sore throat | 37 (6.7) | 21 (4.6) | 16 (16.7) | <0.001 |
| Vomiting | 107 (19.3) | 89 (19.4) | 18 (18.8) | 0.89 |
| Diarrhea | 101 (18.2) | 74 (16.1) | 27 (28.1) | 0.006 |
| Stomachache | 56 (10.1) | 46 (10.0) | 10 (10.4) | 0.91 |
| Convulsion | 60 (10.8) | 48 (10.5) | 12 (12.5) | 0.56 |
a
Obesity: weight for height >+3SD in children under 5 years old or BMI for age >+2SD in children over 5 years old.
b
Fever is defined as axillary temperature higher than 38 °C.