Table 1.
Characteristics of Patient Cohorts
| Characteristic | Complete Cohort | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CSKP (n=47) | CRKP (n=56) | P-value | |
| Age (median, IQR) | 10 (0–61) | 27 (0–61) | 0.48 |
| Sex | 0.764 | ||
| Female | 13 (27.7%) | 17 (30.4%) | |
| Male | 34 (72.3%) | 39 (69.6%) | |
| Underlying disease/comorbid conditions | |||
| Hypertensive | 0 (0%) | 3 (5.4%) | 0.248 |
| Diabetes diseases | 8 (17.0%) | 6 (10.7%) | 0.352 |
| Coronary heart disease | 1 (2.1%) | 4 (7.1%) | 0.372 |
| Congestive heart failure | 5 (10.6%) | 3 (5.4%) | 0.464 |
| Connective tissue disease | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.6%) | 0.499 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 3 (6.4%) | 1 (1.8%) | 0.329 |
| Chronic kidney failure | 1 (2.1%) | 5 (8.9%) | 0.216 |
| End-stage liver disease | 1 (2.1%) | 0 | 0.456 |
| Cancer | 6 (12.8%) | 5 (8.9%) | 0.530 |
| Hematogenous tumor | 6 (12.8%) | 2 (3.6%) | 0.138 |
| Charlson comorbidity index > 2 | 8 (17.0%) | 8 (14.3%) | 0.703 |
| Location before admission | |||
| Home | 27 (57.4%) | 24 (42.9%) | 0.14 |
| Transfer from other hospital | 13 (27.7%) | 29 (51.8%) | 0.013 |
| Born this episode | 7 (14.9%) | 3 (5.4%) | 0.18 |
| Health-care exposures before BSI onset | |||
| Antibiotic exposure (within 30 days) | 35 (74.5%) | 50 (89.3%) | 0.055 |
| ICU admission (within 30 days) | 13 (25.5%) | 24 (42.9%) | 0.147 |
| Surgery (within 30 days) | 14 (29.8%) | 20 (35.7%) | 0.524 |
| Corticosteroid therapy (within 30 days) | 6 (12.8%) | 7 (12.5%) | 0.968 |
| Radiation therapy or chemotherapy | 6 (12.8%) | 2 (3.6%) | 0.138 |
| Immunosuppressive therapy (within 3 months) | 9 (19.1%) | 11 (19.6%) | 0.950 |
| Tracheal cannula or tracheotomy (within 30 days) | 15 (31.9%) | 34 (69.4%) | 0.004 |
| Central venous catheterization (within 30 days) | 27 (57.4%) | 40 (71.4%) | 0.138 |
| Previous hospitalization (within 12 months) | 42 (89.4%) | 51 (91.1%) | 1 |
| ICU at time of BSI onset | 13 (27.7%) | 20 (35.7%) | 0.383 |
| Epidemiological classification | 0.235 | ||
| Community acquired | 11 (23.4%) | 8 (14.3%) | |
| Hospital acquired | 36 (76.6%) | 48 (85.7%) | |
| Source | |||
| Primary | 12 (25.5%) | 12 (21.4%) | 0.624 |
| Central-line associated | 3 (6.4%) | 6 (10.7%) | 0.504 |
| Cardiovascular system infection | 1 (2.1%) | 0 | 0.456 |
| Gastrointestinal system infection | 11 (23.4%) | 13 (23.2%) | 0.982 |
| Pneumonia or ventilator-associated event | 14 (29.8%) | 16 (28.6%) | 0.892 |
| Surgical site infection | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (1.8%) | 1 |
| Skin and soft tissue infection | 1 (2.1%) | 3 (5.4%) | 0.623 |
| Urinary tract infection | 4 (8.5%) | 5 (8.9%) | 1 |
| Mechanical ventilation after BSI onset | 16 (34%) | 31 (55.4%) | 0.031 |
| Hemodialysis treatment | 5 (10.6%) | 10 (17.9%) | 0.301 |
| Temperature ≥ 39°C or < 36°C after BSI onset | 21 (44.7%) | 27 (48.2%) | 0.72 |
| Severe sepsis | 20 (42.6%) | 26 (46.4%) | 0.694 |
| Septic shock | 14 (29.8%) | 17 (30.4%) | 0.950 |
| Active empiric antibiotic therapy | 44 (93.6%) | 25 (44.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Active directed antibiotic therapy | 41 (87.2%) | 39 (69.6%) | 0.033 |
| Combination therapy | 3 (6.4%) | 3 (5.4%) | 1.000 |
| Carbapenem-including treatment | 31 (66.0%) | 40 (71.4%) | 0.55 |
| Polymyxin-including treatment | 0 | 5 (8.9%) | 0.036 |
| Tigecycline-including treatment | 1 (2.1%) | 12 (21.4%) | 0.003 |
| Length of hospitalization before the onset of BSI | 11 (1–19) | 12 (3.25–28) | 0.216 |
| Length of hospitalization after the onset of BSI | 15 (8–27) | 14 (8.25–23.5) | 0.366 |
| Total length of stay (days) | 28 (16–51) | 28.5 (16–50.75) | 0.783 |
| Outcome | |||
| 7-day mortality | 7 (14.9%) | 10 (17.9%) | 0.687 |
| 14-day mortality | 7 (14.9%) | 16 (28.6%) | 0.097 |
| 28-day mortality | 9 (19.1%) | 20 (35.7%) | 0.063 |
| In-hospital mortality | 9 (19.1%) | 22 (39.3%) | 0.026 |
Note: P values less than 0.05 are bolded.
Abbreviations: KP, Klebsiella pneumoniae; CRKP, carbapenem-resistant KP; CSKP, carbapenem susceptible KP; BSI, bloodstream infection.