Table 1.
Characteristics of Survey Participants and Their Child With Kidney Disease or Primary Hypertension, Stratified by Willingness to Vaccinate Child Against COVID-19
| Willingness to Vaccinate Child (N = 207) |
P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 75) | Unsure (n = 80) | No (n = 52) | ||
| Caregiver Characteristics | ||||
| Race | 0.3 | |||
| White | 42 (56%) | 38 (48%) | 21 (40%) | |
| Black | 22 (29%) | 27 (34%) | 23 (44%) | |
| Other | 11 (15%) | 11 (14%) | 4 (8%) | |
| Declined to respond | 0 | 4 (5%) | 4 (8%) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.6 | |||
| Non-Hispanic | 66 (88%) | 69 (86%) | 45 (87%) | |
| Hispanic | 8 (11%) | 11 (14%) | 4 (8%) | |
| Declined to respond | 1 (1%) | 0 | 3 (6%) | |
| Sex | 0.3 | |||
| Male | 12 (16%) | 9 (11%) | 11 (21%) | |
| Female | 63 (84%) | 69 (86%) | 40 (77%) | |
| Declined to respond | 0 | 2 (3%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Primary language | 0.8 | |||
| English | 68 (91%) | 74 (92%) | 49 (94%) | |
| Other | 7 (9%) | 6 (8%) | 3 (6%) | |
| Insurance type | 0.03 | |||
| Private | 55 (73%) | 43 (54%) | 26 (50%) | |
| Public | 16 (21%) | 23 (29%) | 17 (33%) | |
| No insurance/declined to respond | 4 (5%) | 14 (18%) | 9 (17%) | |
| Education level | 0.01 | |||
| High school or less | 10 (13%) | 21 (26%) | 18 (35%) | |
| Some college | 19 (25%) | 20 (25%) | 17 (33%) | |
| College graduate or higher | 46 (61%) | 38 (48%) | 16 (31%) | |
| Declined to respond | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Employment | 0.3 | |||
| Unemployed or currently not working | 11 (15%) | 22 (28%) | 10 (19%) | |
| Full-time worker | 45 (60%) | 43 (54%) | 31 (60%) | |
| Part-time worker or full-time housemaker | 18 (24%) | 13 (16%) | 10 (19%) | |
| Declined to respond | 1 (1%) | 2 (3%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Household annual income | 0.1 | |||
| Less than $39,999 | 21 (28%) | 29 (36%) | 15 (29%) | |
| $40,000 to $79,999 | 16 (21%) | 17 (21%) | 15 (29%) | |
| $80,000 to $99,999 | 5 (7%) | 7 (9%) | 4 (8%) | |
| More than $100,000 | 27 (36%) | 17 (21%) | 7 (13%) | |
| Don’t know/declined to respond | 6 (8%) | 10 (13%) | 11 (21%) | |
| No. of children in household | 0.2 | |||
| 1 child | 27 (36%) | 26 (32%) | 25 (48%) | |
| 2 or more children | 48 (64%) | 54 (68%) | 27 (52%) | |
| Age, y | 40.0 [36.0-47.0] | 37.0 [33.0-42.0] | 38.0 [32.0-42.0] | 0.006 |
| Child Characteristics | ||||
| Kidney disease classification | 0.1 | |||
| CAKUT | 11 (15%) | 12 (15%) | 12 (23%) | |
| Transplant recipient | 11 (15%) | 17 (21%) | 11 (21%) | |
| Kidney replacement therapy | 3 (4%) | 9 (11%) | 0 | |
| Glomerular disease | 26 (35%) | 15 (19%) | 7 (13%) | |
| Primary hypertension | 6 (8%) | 7 (9%) | 6 (12%) | |
| Congenital/hereditary/cystic | 9 (12%) | 12 (15%) | 9 (17%) | |
| Other | 9 (12%) | 8 (10%) | 7 (13%) | |
| Sex | 0.01 | |||
| Male | 38 (51%) | 57 (71%) | 27 (52%) | |
| Female | 37 (49%) | 22 (28%) | 24 (46%) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Child insurance type | 0.002 | |||
| No insurance | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Private | 45 (60%) | 27 (34%) | 18 (35%) | |
| Public | 29 (39%) | 52 (65%) | 31 (60%) | |
| Unknown | 1 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (6%) | |
| Child age, y | 11.0 [5.5-15.0] | 8.0 [1.0-14.0] | 11.5 [5.0-14.2] | 0.05 |
| COVID-19 Impact | ||||
| Contracted COVID-19, confirmed or suspected | 26 (35%) | 25 (31%) | 11 (21%) | 0.3 |
| Hospitalized due to COVID-19a | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) | 0 | 0.9 |
| Significant exposures to COVID-19b | 18 (24%) | 25 (31%) | 15 (29%) | 0.6 |
| Child contracted COVID-19, confirmed or suspected | 15 (20%) | 16 (20%) | 12 (23%) | 0.9 |
| Child hospitalized due to COVID-19a | 1 (7%) | 3 (19%) | 0 | 0.09 |
| Child experienced worsening of kidney disease due to COVID-19a | 0 | 1 (6%) | 0 | 0.9 |
| Child had significant exposures to COVID-19b | 16 (21%) | 16 (20%) | 11 (21%) | 0.9 |
| Child missed more medications during the pandemic | 3 (4%) | 5 (6%) | 4 (8%) | 0.7 |
| Child’s access to care negatively affected by the pandemic | 29 (39%) | 33 (41%) | 19 (37%) | 0.9 |
| No. of mitigation tasks performed | 12.0 [10.0-15.0] | 11.5 [8.8-14.0] | 9.0 [6.8-12.0] | <0.001 |
| Self-efficacy score in mitigating risk of COVID-19 | 3.6 [3.2-4.0] | 3.2 [3.0-3.4] | 3.0 [2.7-3.2] | <0.001 |
| Psychological and financial impact score | 3.5 [2.8-4.6] | 3.6 [2.9-4.6] | 3.5 [2.8-4.8] | 0.8 |
| Information Sources on COVID-19 Vaccines | ||||
| Sources of information | <0.001 | |||
| Physicians | 42 (56%) | 65 (81%) | 46 (88%) | |
| Multiple sourcesc | 33 (44%) | 15 (19%) | 6 (12%) | |
| Venues of information receipt | 0.2 | |||
| Physicians’ offices | 54 (72%) | 59 (74%) | 42 (81%) | |
| Websites | 1 (1%) | 6 (8%) | 1 (2%) | |
| Multiple venuesd | 20 (27%) | 15 (19%) | 9 (17%) | |
Values for continuous variables given as median [IQR]. Abbreviation: CAKUT, congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract.
a
Proportion among those who contracted COVID-19.
b
Defined as being in the same room for more than 15 minutes with someone who had COVID-19.
c
Including physicians, government agencies, scientists, family and friends, and celebrities.
d
Including physicians’ offices, websites, newspapers/magazines, television, and social media.