Table 3.
Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) from multinomial multivariable logistic regression models for the association between exposure and dietary outcomes.
| Outcomes | Exposed (with diabetes)a n. ( %) |
Unexposed (no chronic conditions)a n. ( %) |
ORb | 95 % CIb | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruit and nuts consumption change | |||||
| Unchanged | 580 (61.5) | 721 (81.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 15 (1.6) | 11 (1.2) | 1.99 | 0.83–4.76 | 0.12 |
| Increased | 349 (36.9) | 159 (17.8) | 2.06 | 1.62–2.63 | < 0.01* |
| Vegetables consumption change | |||||
| Unchanged | 651 (68.9) | 730 (81.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 10 (1.1) | 11 (1.3) | 1.03 | 0.37–2.87 | 0.95 |
| Increased | 283 (30.0) | 149 (16.8) | 1.41 | 1.10–1.82 | < 0.01* |
| Legumes consumption change | |||||
| Unchanged | 772 (81.8) | 806 (90.6) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 55 (5.8) | 12 (1.4) | 2.21 | 1.18–4.14 | 0.01* |
| Increased | 117 (12.4) | 72 (8.0) | 1.31 | 0.93–1.84 | 0.13 |
| Cereals consumption change | |||||
| Unchanged | 798 (84.5) | 827 (92.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 63 (6.6) | 17 (1.9) | 1.72 | 1.01–2.91 | 0.04* |
| Increased | 84 (8.9) | 46 (5.2) | 1.09 | 0.72–1.67 | 0.68 |
| Fish consumption change | |||||
| Unchanged | 707 (74.9) | 806 (90.5) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 31 (3.3) | 29 (3.3) | 1.10 | 0.64–1.90 | 0.74 |
| Increased | 206 (21.8) | 55 (6.2) | 2.51 | 1.74–3.64 | < 0.01* |
| Milk and dairy products consumption change | |||||
| Unchanged | 739 (78.3) | 839 (94.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 18 (1.9) | 21 (2.4) | 3.87 | 2.45–6.11 | < 0.01* |
| Increased | 187 (19.8) | 30 (3.4) | 1.11 | 0.56–2.20 | 0.77 |
| Meat and meat products consumption change | |||||
| Unchanged | 784 (83.0) | 808 (91.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 81 (8.6) | 47 (5.1) | 1.52 | 1.03–2.24 | 0.04* |
| Increased | 79 (8.4) | 34 (3.9) | 1.84 | 1.18–2.88 | < 0.01* |
| Olive oil consumption change | |||||
| Unchanged | 738 (78.2) | 851 (95.6 | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 4 (0.4) | 4 (0.4) | 0.93 | 0.25–3.36 | 0.91 |
| Increased | 202 (21.4) | 35 (4.0) | 3.54 | 2.30–5.46 | < 0.01* |
a
: weighted for representativeness by age, sex and residence municipality size
b
: ORs and 95 % CIs were estimated using multinomial multivariable logistic regression models after adjustment for educational level (none/primary school, secondary school, high school, university degree), marital status (married, divorced/separated, widowed, single) and self-reported economic status (above the Italian mean, on average, below the Italian mean) and weighted for representativeness by age, sex and residence municipality size