Table 4.
Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) from multinomial multivariable logistic regression models for the association between exposure and healthcare services access outcomes.
| Outcomes | Exposed (with diabetes) n. ( %)a |
Unexposed (no chronic conditions) n. ( %)a |
ORb | 95 % CIb | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Telephone contacts with GP | |||||
| Unchanged | 535 (56.7) | 735 (82.5) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 55 (5.8) | 58 (6.5) | 1.26 | 0.82–1.93 | 0.30 |
| Increased | 354 (37.5) | 98 (11.0) | 3.70 | 2.83–4.83 | < 0.01* |
| GP visits | |||||
| Unchanged | 582 (61.7) | 754 (84.7) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 211 (22.3) | 122 (13.7) | 2.34 | 1.78–3.06 | < 0.01* |
| Increased | 151 (16.0) | 14 (1.6) | 6.14 | 3.27–11.52 | < 0.01* |
| ED access | |||||
| Unchanged | 737 (78.0) | 831 (93.3) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 82 (8.6) | 50 (5.7) | 1.64 | 1.09–2.47 | 0.02* |
| Increased | 126 (13.4) | 9 (1.0) | 7.01 | 3.40–14.46 | < 0.01* |
| Hospitalisations | |||||
| Unchanged | 759 (80.4) | 836 (93.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 60 (6.3) | 47 (5.3) | 1.28 | 0.84–1.96 | 0.25 |
| Increased | 125 (13.3) | 7 (0.8) | 9.01 | 3.96–20.51 | < 0.01* |
| Outpatient visits | |||||
| Unchanged | 693 (73.4) | 803 (90.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 120 (12.7) | 73 (8.2) | 1.91 | 1.37–2.68 | < 0.01* |
| Increased | 132 (13.9) | 14 (1.6) | 5.14 | 2.81–9.42 | < 0.01* |
| Diagnostic tests | |||||
| Unchanged | 723 (76.6) | 802 (90.1) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 65 (6.9) | 62 (7.0) | 1.15 | 0.77–1.70 | 0.50 |
| Increased | 156 (16.5) | 26 (2.9) | 4.15 | 2.62–6.56 | < 0.01* |
| Self-pay specialistic visits | |||||
| Unchanged | 729 (77.2) | 793 (89.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 48 (5.1) | 49 (5.5) | 1.03 | 0.67–1.61 | 0.88 |
| Increased | 167 (17.7) | 49 (5.5) | 2.93 | 2.03–4.24 | < 0.01* |
| Medicine purchases with medical prescription | |||||
| Unchanged | 760 (80.5) | 833 (93.6) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 24 (2.5) | 28 (3.2) | 0.77 | 0.42–1.41 | 0.39 |
| Increased | 161 (17.0) | 28 (3.2) | 4.00 | 2.52–6.35 | < 0.01* |
| Medicine purchases without medical prescription | |||||
| Unchanged | 742 (78.5) | 815 (91.6) | 1.00 | ||
| Decreased | 16 (1.7) | 19 (2.1) | 0.72 | 0.33–1.60 | 0.42 |
| Increased | 187 (19.8) | 56 (6.3) | 2.37 | 1.68–3.33 | < 0.01* |
| Scheduled visits or surgeries cancelled or postponed by provider's decision | |||||
| No | 605 (64.1) | 698 (78.4) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 339 (35.9) | 192 (21.6) | 2.47 | 1.96–3.12 | < 0.01* |
| Scheduled visits or surgeries canceled or postponed by patient's decision | |||||
| No | 692 (73.3) | 782 (87.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 252 (26.7) | 108 (12.1) | 3.37 | 2.58–4.42 | < 0.01* |
| Treatments interrupted | |||||
| No | 854 (90.5) | 835 (93.8) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 90 (9.5) | 55 (6.2) | 1.95 | 1.33–2.86 | < 0.01* |
a
: weighted for representativeness by age, sex and residence municipality size
b
: ORs and 95 % CIs were estimated using multinomial multivariable logistic regression models after adjustment for educational level (none/primary school, secondary school, high school, university degree), marital status (married, divorced/separated, widowed, single) and self-reported economic status (above the Italian mean, on average, below the Italian mean) and weighted for representativeness by age, sex and residence municipality size