Table 1.
Baseline general characteristics and ICU admission data of 1468 patients according to their 28-day survival status.
| Patient characteristic | All Patients (n = 1468) /Denominator | 28-day non-survivors (n = 540) | 28-day survivors (n = 928) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ( ± SD) | 55.9 (15.1)/1423 | 58.4 (15.2) | 54.3 (14.9) | < 0.001 * |
| Gender, n ( %) | ||||
| Male gender, n ( %) | 1085 (74)/1467 | 413 (76.6) | 672 (72.4) | 0.0765 |
| Female Gender, n ( %) | 382 (26)/1467 | 126 (23.4) | 256 (27.6) | |
| Pregnancy, n ( %) | 19 (5.1)/372 | 2 (1.6) | 17 (6.8) | 0.0425 * |
| Healthcare worker, n ( %) | 69 (4.8)/1436 | 15 (2.9) | 54 (5.9) | 0.009 * |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ( ± SD) | 30.1 (6.8)/1369 | 29.5 (6.5) | 30.5 (7) | 0.009 * |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus, n ( %) | 770 (54.8)/1405 | 297 (58.1) | 473 (52.9) | 0.0589 |
| Hypertension, n ( %) | 676 (48.6)/1391 | 267 (52.8) | 409 (46.2) | 0.0187 * |
| Ischemic heart disease, n ( %) | 184 (13.8)/1333 | 85 (17.8) | 99 (11.6) | 0.0016 * |
| Bronchial Asthma, n ( %) | 128 (9.6)/1333 | 37 (7.7) | 91 (10.6) | 0.0845 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease, n ( %) | 123 (9.2)/1339 | 47 (9.7) | 76 (8.9) | 0.656 |
| Smoker, n ( %) | 85 (7.2)/1180 | 21 (5) | 64 (8.4) | 0.0333 * |
| Left ventricular failure, n ( %) | 74 (5.6)/1331 | 32 (6.7) | 42 (4.9) | 0.181 |
| Immunocompromised status, n ( %) | 72 (5.4)/1332 | 19 (4) | 53 (6.2) | 0.079 |
| Renal Replacement therapy, n ( %) | 54 (4.1)/1332 | 25 (5.2) | 29 (3.4) | 0.12 |
| Cancer, n ( %) | 48 (3.6)/1333 | 17 (3.5) | 31 (3.6) | 0.913 |
| Chronic Lung Disease, n ( %) | 38 (2.9)/1327 | 14 (2.9) | 24 (2.8) | 0.891 |
| Solid-organ transplant, n ( %) | 29 (2.2)/1334 | 8 (1.7) | 21 (2.5) | 0.337 |
| COPD, n ( %) | 26 (2)/1327 | 12 (2.5) | 14 (1.6) | 0.27 |
| Chronic Liver Disease, n ( %) | 24 (1.8)/1332 | 10 (2.1) | 14 (1.6) | 0.557 |
| Chronic Hematological Disease, n ( %) | 12 (0.9)/1337 | 3 (0.6) | 9 (1.1) | 0.553 |
| ICU admission data (first 24 hours) | ||||
| Use of inotropes, n ( %) | 189 (15.3)/1235 | 120 (29.4) | 69 (8.3) | < 0.001 * |
| New AKI on ICU admission, n ( %) | 98 (8.6)/1137 | 60 (14.4) | 38 (5.3) | < 0.001 * |
| MAP (mmHg), mean ( ± SD) | 86.1 (16.1)/1299 | 84.7 (16.7) | 86.8 (16.3) | 0.0246 * |
| HR (beat/min), mean ( ± SD) | 91.2 (20.4)/1294 | 95.1 (20.7) | 89.3 (20) | < 0.001 * |
| RR (per min), mean ( ± SD) | 27.9 (7.2)/1274 | 28.3 (7.1) | 27.8 (7.3) | 0.196 |
| GCS, median ( ± IQR) | 15 (14–15)/1259 | 15 (9–15) | 15 (15–15) | < 0.001 * |
| SOFA, median ( ± IQR) | 4 (3–8)/1333 | 7 (4–10) | 4 (2–6) | < 0.001 * |
| PO2/FiO2 ratio, median (IQR) | 134 (71–163)/1217 | 92 (66–138) | 142 (72–176) | < 0.001 * |
| PO2/FiO2 ratio, n ( %) | < 0.001 * | |||
| < 100 | 550 (50)/1099 | 210 (57.9) | 340 (46.2) | |
| 100 - < 200 | 361 (32.8)/1099 | 110 (30.3) | 251 (34.1) | |
| 200–300 | 116 (10.6)/1099 | 27 (7.4) | 89 (12.1) | |
| > 300 | 72 (6.6)/1099 | 16 (4.4) | 56 (7.6) | |
| ICU admission laboratory data (first 24 hours) | ||||
| WBC (x 109/L), mean ( ± SD) | 10.7 (6.3)/1378 | 12.3 (7.8) | 9.7 (5) | < 0.001 * |
| NL Ratio, mean ( ± SD) | 10.3 (8.7)/1126 | 11.8 (9.4) | 9.4 (8.1) | < 0.001 * |
| Creatinine (nmol/L), median (IQR) | 83 (63–130)/1289 | 106 (71–187) | 75 (60–105) | < 0.001 * |
| Lactate (mmol/L), median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.1–2.2)/652 | 1.8 (1.2–3) | 1.5 (1.1–2) | < 0.001 * |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 0.36 (0.15–1.5)/669 | 0.96 (0.27–3.6) | 0.3 (0.13–0.64) | < 0.001 * |
| LDH (IU/L), median (IQR) | 504 (363–706)/1028 | 584 (411–826) | 467 (353–641) | < 0.001 * |
| D-Dimer (mcg/mL), median (IQR) | 1.51 (0.8–2.8)/1060 | 2.38 (1.2–5.4) | 1.2 (0.7–2.8) | < 0.001 * |
| Ferritin (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 802 (396–1295)/850 | 915 (486–1166) | 772 (370–1295) | < 0.001 * |
| CRP (mg/l), median (IQR) | 104 (33–196)/937 | 117 (40–198) | 99 (30–194) | 0.0524 |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMI, body mass index. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CRP, C - reactive protein. GCS, Glasgow coma scale. HR, heart rate. LDH, Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase. MAP mean arterial pressure. NL ratio, Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. RR, respiratory rate. SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. WBC, white blood cells.