Table 2.
Interventions, Respiratory support modalities,Respiratory data following invasive mechanical ventilation and medication during ICU stay.
| Patient characteristic | All Patients (n = 1468) /Denominator | 28-day non-survivors (n = 540) | 28-day survivors (n = 928) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vasopressors n ( %) | 395 (26.9)/1468 | 246 (45.5) | 149 (16) | < 0.001 * |
| Oxygen delivery modes | ||||
| HFNC, n ( %) | 446 (35.3)/1264 | 105 (25.1) | 341 (40.4) | < 0.001 * |
| HFNC days, median (IQR) | 3 (2–6)/429 | 2 (1–4) | 4 (2–6) | < 0.001 * |
| NIPPV, n ( %) | 205 (16.2)/1267 | 96 (22.8) | 109 (12.9) | < 0.001 * |
| NIPPV days, median (IQR) | 2 (1–4)/198 | 2 (1–4) | 2 (2–6) | 0.527 |
| Awake prone positioning, n ( %) | 350 (27.7)/1263 | 86 (20.6) | 264 (31.2) | < 0.001 * |
| Awake prone days, median (IQR) | 3 (2–5)/316 | 2 (1–4) | 4 (2–6) | < 0.001 * |
| Awake prone > 4 h/day, n ( %) | 194 (57.4)/338 | 49 (60.5)/81 | 145 (56.4) | 0.518 |
| IMV, n ( %) | 778 (52.9)/1468 | 454 (83.9) | 324 34.9) | < 0.001 * |
| First 24 hs of intubation, mean ( ± SD) | ||||
| PaO2/FiO2 | 125.5 (80)/535 | 115 (76) | 137.7 (83) | 0.001 * |
| PCO2 (mmHg) | 46.6 (14.7)/558 | 48 (15.5) | 45 (13.5) | 0.015 * |
| Static Compliance (mL/cmH2O) | 27.8 (11.2)/152 | 27 (11.7) | 28.6 (10.6) | 0.382 |
| Dynamic Compliance (mL/cmH2O)) | 22.2 (14.6)/324 | 20.6 (9.4) | 24.1 (19.2) | 0.045 * |
| Peak airway pressure (cmH2O) | 31.2 (6.7)/335 | 31.7 (7.1) | 30.6 (6.2) | 0.131 |
| Plateau pressure (cmH2O) | 27.3 (5.7)/156 | 27 (5.4) | 27.5 (5.9) | 0.549 |
| Tidal Volume (mL per IBW) | 6.94 (1.34)/601 | 6.87 (1.2) | 7.04 (1.51) | 0.135 |
| Interventions during IMV, n ( %) | ||||
| Neuromuscular blockade infusion | 562 (74.8)/751 | 332 (76.1) | 230 (73) | 0.329 |
| Recruitment maneuvers use | 91 (12.3)/737 | 50 (11.6) | 41 (13.4) | 0.482 |
| iNO use | 64 (8.6)/742 | 37 (8.5) | 27 (8.7) | 0.927 |
| Prone positioning during MV | 350 (47)/745 | 194 (44.6) | 156 (50.3) | 0.123 |
| Rescue APRV use | 20 (2.7)/739 | 10 (2.3) | 10 (3.2) | 0.444 |
| Rescue HFOV use | 12 (1.6)/740 | 8 (1.8) | 4 (1.3) | 0.563 |
| Tracheostomy | 60 (7.7)/778 | 8 (1.5) | 52 (5.6) | < 0.001 * |
| ECMO | 71 (9.1)/778 | 40 (7.5) | 31 (3.4) | < 0.001 * |
| Medications and interventions, n ( %) | ||||
| Azithromycin | 1069 (74.2)/1440 | 366 (68.9) | 703 (77.3) | < 0.001 * |
| Corticosteroids | 1048 (73.1)/1433 | 401 (75.8) | 647 (71.6) | 0.081 |
| Chloroquine | 429 (30.5)/1406 | 152 (29.2) | 277 (31.3) | 0.403 |
| Tocilizumab | 426 (30.1)/1414 | 126 (24) | 300 (33.7) | < 0.001 * |
| Favipiravir | 316 (22.4)/1441 | 111 (21.2) | 205 (23.1) | 0.401 |
| Ribavirin | 241 (17.2)/1402 | 79 (15.3) | 162 (18.3) | 0.141 |
| Convalescent plasma | 53 (3.8)/1409 | 12 (2.3) | 41 (4.6) | 0.026 * |
| IVIG | 51 (3.6)/1401 | 18 (3.5) | 33 (3.7) | 0.792 |
| Plasmapheresis | 26 (1.8)/1409 | 17 (3.2) | 9 (1) | 0.002 * |
| Remdesivir | 13 (0.9)/1399 | 5 (1) | 8 (0.9) | 0.91 |
HFNC, high flow nasal cannula. IVIG, Intravenous immunoglobulin. NIPPV, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. IMV, Invasive Mechanical Ventilation. PaO2/FiO2, Partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio. PCO2, Partial pressure of Co2. Fio2, fraction of inspired oxygen. MV, mechanical ventilator. APRV, Airway pressure release ventilation. ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. HFOV, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. iNO, inhaled nitric oxide.