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. 2022 Jun 16;9(7):531–533. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(22)00152-3

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Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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A conceptual model of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns on depressive and anxiety disorders

The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (grey) include a higher prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders (1a,b). These disorders can also lead to more severe SARS-CoV-2 infections and increased mortality (2a,b). The beneficial effects of lockdowns (green) include fewer infections and reduced mortality, leading to fewer depressive and anxiety disorders (3a–c). Harmful effects of lockdowns (red) include immobility, leading to more depressive and anxiety disorders (4a–c), which then, in turn, increase immobility (5a,b). These disorders are also highly comorbid (6a,b) and are likely to relapse (7a,b).