Table 1.

Amino acid substitutions of spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

SARS-CoV-2 strain	Mutations in spike protein
Alpha (B.1.1.7)	H69-V70del, Y144del, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, D1118H
Beta (B.1.351)	D80A, D215G, L241-A243del, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G, A701V
Gamma (P.1)	L18F, T20N, P26S, D138Y, R190S, K417T, E484K, N501Y, D614G, H655Y, T1027I, V1176F
Delta (B.1.617.2)	T19R, E156-F157del, R158G, L452R, T478K, D614G, P681R, D950N
Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529/BA.1)	A67V, H69-V70del, T95I, G142D, V143-Y145del, N211del, L212I, ins214EPE, G339D, S371L, S373P, S375F, K417N, N440K, G446S, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, G496S, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, T547K, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, N856K, Q954H, N969K, L981F
Omicron BA.2 (B.1.1.529/BA.2)	T19I, L24-P26del, A27S, G142D, V213G, G339D, S371F, S373P, S375F, T376A, D405N, R408S, K417N, N440K, S477N, T478K, E484A, Q493R, Q498R, N501Y, Y505H, D614G, H655Y, N679K, P681H, N764K, D796Y, Q954H, N969K

Bold, amino acids in RBD. The information of amino acid substitutions are obtained from the following sources: Alpha, Beta and Gamma, https://covdb.stanford.edu/variants/; Delta, https://covariants.org/variants/21A.Delta; Omicron BA.1, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/scientific-brief-omicron-variant.html; Omicron BA.2, Perumal et al. (J Med Virol, DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27601, 2022).