Table 7.
Comparison of risk factors by in-hospital mortality.
| Characteristics | Alive (n = 60) | Dead (n = 22) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, mean (SD) – yr | 53.3 (19.9) | 75.2 (6.2) | <0.001 |
| Sex – no (%) | 36 (60.0) | 16 (72.7) | 0.289 |
| Coexisting condition – no (%) | |||
| Tobacco use | 0.397 | ||
| Active tabacco smoker | 5 (8.3) | – | |
| Former tabacco smoker | 19 (31.7) | 9 (40.9) | |
| Never smoke | 36 (60.0) | 13 (59.1) | |
| Alcohol use | 0.070 | ||
| Active daily alcohol consumption | 1 (1.7) | – | |
| Former daily alcohol consumption | – | 2 (9.1) | |
| Never drink daily | 59 (98.3) | 20 (90.9) | |
| Barthel index at admission, median (IQR) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 0.371 |
| Dementia | 1 (1.7) | – | 1 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 12 (20.0) | 4 (18.2) | 1 |
| Immunosuppression | 5 (8.3) | 5 (22.7) | 0.123 |
| Solid tumour | 3 (5.1) | 6 (27.3) | 0.012 |
| Leukaemia/Lymphoma | 2 (3.3) | 1 (4.6) | 1 |
| Hypertension | 17 (28.3) | 15 (68.2) | 0.001 |
| Chronic heart failure | 1 (1.7) | 4 (18.2) | 0.017 |
| Chronic lung disease | 11 (18.6) | 8 (36.4) | 0.094 |
| Chronic renal failure | 4 (6.7) | 7 (33.3) | 0.005 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 1 (1.7) | – | 1 |
| Central nervous system disease | 1 (1.7) | 1 (4.6) | 0.467 |
| Obesity | 14 (23.3) | 3 (13.6) | 0.539 |
| Median (IQR), age-adjusted Charlson index at baseline – points | 2 (1–3) | 5 (3–6) | <0.001 |
| Oxygenation previous to tocilizumab administration | |||
| Oxygen saturation (pulse oximeter) at baseline, median (IQR) | 95 (94–97.5) | 93 (89–97) | 0.061 |
| FiO2 at baseline, median (IQR) | 0.21 (0.21–0.28) | 0.26 (0.21–0.50) | 0.130 |
| SpO2/FiO2ratio at baseline, median (IQR) | 440 (343–455) | 393 (180–452) | 0.134 |
| High oxygen supplementation or ventilation at baselineb – no. (%) | – | 1 (4.6%) | 0.268 |
| Oxigen saturation (pulse oximeter) at tocilizumab administration, median (IQR) | 95 (93–97) | 92 (89–94) | 0.006 |
| FiO2 previous to tocilizumab administration, median (IQR) | 0.27 (0.21–0.40) | 0.35 (0.21–1) | 0.131 |
| SpO2/FiO2ratio previous to tocilizumab administration, median (IQR) | 354 (228–438) | 263 (95–423.8) | 0.072 |
| High oxygen supplementation or ventilation previous to tocilizumab administrationa | 3 (5%) | 4 (18%) | 0.79 |
| Days from initial symptoms to tocilizumab administration, median (IQR) | 9 (7–11) | 7 (5–15) | 0.372 |
| Days from admission to tocilizumab administration, median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 3 (1–4) | 0.064 |
| Days from respiratory insufficiency to tocilizumab administration, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0.055 |
| Days from ARDS to tocilizumab administration, median (IQR) | 0 (−1–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.132 |
ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome.
a
Plus-minus values are means (±SD). Rounding has been applied to percentages. Total may no be 100 because of rounding.
bIncludes high flow oxygen delivery systems, high flow nasal cannula, non-invasive mechanical ventilation or invasive ventilation