TABLE 3.
Immunological responses to third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine
| Author | Population | Vaccine | Measured response | Time postvaccine | Response rate | Associations reduced response |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Del Bello et al162 | 396 SOT recipients | BNT162b2 | Anti-spike IgG | 28 d | 5.1% after first dose, 41.4% after second dose, 67.9% after third dose 45% seronegative patients after second dose seroconverted after third dose |
Older age Use of MMF Use of belatacept |
| Benotmane et al163 | 159 kidney transplant recipients | mRNA-1273 | Anti-spike IgG | 28 d | Only examined patients with no significant response to 2 vaccine doses 49% seroconverted after third dose |
Triple agent immune suppression |
| Kamar et al164 | 101 SOT recipients | BNT162b2 | Anti-spike IgG | 28 d | 40% after 2 doses to 68% after third dose 44% seronegative patients after second dose seroconverted after third dose |
Increased age Lower eGFR |
| Bertrand et al165 | 80 kidney transplant recipients | BNT162b2 | Anti-spike IgGIFN-γ producing spike-reactive T cells | Minimum 4 wks | Humoral response: 37.5% after second dose to 61.2% after third dose Cellular response: 51.2% after second dose to 70% after third dose |
Use of belatacept Use of MMF |
| Massa et al166 | 61 kidney transplant recipients | BNT162b2 | Anti-spike IgG Neutralizing capacity IFN-γ producing spike-reactive T cells |
28 d | 44.3% after second dose to 62.3% after third dose One-third seronegative patients after second dose seroconverted after third dose Increase in neutralizing capacity after third dose Rise in frequency of spike-reactive T cells |
Use of antiproliferative Lymphopenia |
| Werbel et al167 | 30 SOT recipients | BNT162b2 mRNA-1273 |
Anti-spike IgG | 60 d (second dose), 14 d (third dose) | 20% after second dose to 47% after third dose One-third seronegative patients after second dose seroconverted after third dose |
Not examined |
| Schrezenmeier et al168 | 25 kidney transplant recipients | BNT162b2 ChAdOx1 |
Anti-spike IgG/IgACD4 T-cell reactivity to spike peptide mix | 7–28 d | 36% seronegative patients after second dose seroconverted after third dose; 28% after homologous and 45% after heterologous vaccination Spike-specific CD4 T-cell responses in over 90% after the second and third dose |
Not examined |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; Ig, immunoglobulin; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; SOT, solid organ transplant.