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. 2022 Jun 24;131(1):109–126. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.319984

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© 2022 The Authors.

Circulation Research is published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial, and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 4. — Presentation of various approaches to tissue engineered vascular grafts. A, Macroscopic image of polymeric scaffold before cell seeding. B, Gross image of biological tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) produced by cell sheets rolled around a mandrel. C, A HAV ready to store/implant after decellularization.¹¹⁵ D, Intraoperative image of HAV implanted in the arm of a patient with end-stage renal disease as an arteriovenous conduit for hemodialysis.¹³³ E, TEVGs produced from fibroblast-populated tubular fibrin constructs, matured in pulsatile bioreactor, and decellularized. F, Biotube made of fibrous tissue formed by foreign body reaction to the implanted mandrel. A, Reproduced from Shin’oka et al¹⁶¹ with permission. Copyright ©. B, Reproduced from L’Heureux et al¹²⁸ with permission. Copyright ©. E, Reproduced from Syedain et al^137,140 with permission. Copyright ©. F, Reproduced from Nakayama et al¹⁴³ with permission. Copyright ©.