Table 2.

Summary of research work that used imaging technologies to specifically study abiotic stress.

stress	growing conditions	species	year	imaging	traits measured	destructive (non-HTP) measurements	instrument/Phenotyping platform	reference
cold	controlled	pea	2015	RGB—fluorescence	biomass/growth related traits—chlorophyll fluorescence parameters	—	PlantScreen Photon Systems Instruments (PSI), Czech Republic	Humplík et al. [14]
cold	field	maize	2019	RGB—multispectral	stress detection, quantification and classification	—	Multispectral UAV, field of ICAR-NEH at Indian states of Meghalaya, India	Goswami et al. [90]
drought	controlled	barley	2014	RGB	biomass/growth related traits, plant hue	shoot biomass, tiller number, height	The Plant Accelerator, Adelaide, Australia	Honsdorf et al. [91]
drought	controlled	wheat	2015	RGB	biomass/growth related traits	—	The Plant Accelerator, Adelaide, Australia	Parent et al. [92]
drought	controlled	rice	2018	RGB	biomass/growth related traits, plant hue, architectural traits	shoot biomass and yield and yield components	High-throughput rice phenotyping facility at Huazhong Agricultural University, China	Guo et al. [93]
drought	controlled	green millet and foxtail millet	2015	RGB—fluorescence—near-infrared (NIR)	morphological traits—photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters—tissue water content	—	Bellwether Phenotyping Platform at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA	Fahlgren et al. [12,13]
drought	controlled	barley	2019	RGB	biomass/growth related traits, architectural traits	shoot biomass, plant height, tiller number	The Plant Accelerator, Adelaide, Australia	Pham et al. [94]
drought	controlled	barley	2019	RGB—fluorescence	height—chlorophyll fluorescence parameters	shoot biomass, relative water content	PlantScreen Photon Systems Instruments (PSI), Czech Republic	Marchetti et al. [43]
drought	controlled	rice	2020	RGB—near-infrared (NIR)—infrared—fluorescence	biomass/growth related traits, plant hue, architectural traits—water content—plant temperature—photosynthesis efficiency	—	LemnaTec, GmbH, Aachen, Germany	Kim et al. [79]
drought	controlled	lettuce	2020	RGB—fluorescence	biomass/growth related traits moprhological traits—chlorophyll Fluorescence parameters	—	PlantScreen Photon Systems Instruments (PSI), Czech Republic	Sorrentino et al. [44]
drought	controlled	maize	2018	hyperspectral	the leaf angle and surface area	—	PHENOVISION HTPPP located in the greenhouse of the VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology (Ghent, Belgium)	Mohd Asaari et al. [68]
drought	controlled	maize	2019	hyperspectral	vegetation indices	—	PHENOVISION, the HTPP infrastructure located at VIB, Ghent, Belgium	Asaari et al. [95]
drought	controlled	barley	2019	RGB	biomass/growth related traits	shoot biomass	IPK Gatersleben, Germany	Dhanagond et al. [96]
drought and nitrogen deficiency	controlled	sorghum	2015	RGB—near-infrared (NIR)	biomass/growth related traits, plant hue, architectural traits—senescence (%), NIR, water content composition parameters	shoot biomass, leaf area, plant height, dry matter content (%), moisture content (%), chlorophyll content	The Plant Accelerator, Adelaide, Australia	Neilson et al. [39]
drought and nitrogen deficiency	field	wheat	2019	RGB	biomass/growth related traits, plant hue	—	PhénoField, applied research institute ARVALIS, France	Beauchêne et al. [53]
drought and nitrogen deficiency	controlled	maize—soya bean	2017	hyperspectral	NDVI, leaf water content, concentrations of macronutrients	biomass, concentration of macronutrients	University of Nebraska-Lincoln	Pandey et al. [97]
heat	controlled	mung bean	2019	fluorescence	chlorophyll fluorescence parameters	—	Wals, Germany (Model not given)	Basu et al. [98]
nitrogen deficiency	controlled	sorghum	2017	RGB	biomass/growth related traits, plant hue	ionomic profiling	Bellwether Phenotyping Platform at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, USA	Veley et al. [99]
nitrogen deficiency	field	barley	2017	RGB—multispectral—thermal	plant hue—Crop Senescence Index (CSI), Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI), various vegetation indices, Water Band Index (WBI)	yield and yield components	Arazuri Station of the Institute of Agrifood Technologies and Infrastructures of Navarra (INTIA), Spain	Kefauver et al. [100]
nitrogen deficiency	controlled	wheat	2020	RGB—hyperspectral	biomass/growth related traits, morphological and architectural traits—vegetation indices relating to chlorophyll levels	shoot biomass and yield and yield components; chlorophyll content	Agriculture Victoria's Plant Phenomics Victoria, Horsham (PPVH), Australia	Banerjee et al. [101]
nitrogen deficiency	field	maize	2020	hyperspectral	NDVI	—	LeafSpec, developed by the Purdue Phenotyping Lab group, USA	Ma et al. [102]
nitrogen deficiency	field	maize	2006	multispectral	leaf reflectance	—	multi-spectral charge-coupled device (CCD) camera s mounted on a mobile liquid nitrogen sprayer	Noh et al. [103]
nutrient deficiency	field	alfalfa	2019	RGB—multispectral	NDVI, leaf area index, ground coverage	biomass, yield, plant height	UAVs and sensors mounted on a phenomobile, USA	Cazenave et al. [104]
salinity	controlled	rice	2014	RGB—fluorescence	biomass—shoot senescence (%)	shoot biomass, leaf Na+ and K+ concentration	The Plant Accelerator, Adelaide, Australia	Hairmansis et al. [105]
salinity	controlled	rice	2015	RGB—fluorescence	biomass—chlorophyll fluorescence parameters	leaf Na+ and K+ concentration	The Plant Accelerator, Adelaide, Australia	Campbell [48]
salinity	controlled	rice	2016	RGB	biomass/growth related traits	shoot biomass	The Plant Accelerator, Adelaide, Australia	Al-Tamimi et al. [37]
salinity	controlled	chickpea	2017	RGB	biomass/growth related traits	shoot biomass, plant height, leaf Na+ and K+ concentrations, flowering time, leaf chlorosis and necrosis, yield and yield components	The Plant Accelerator, Adelaide, Australia	Atieno et al. [106]
salinity	controlled	barley	2017	RGB	growth curve registration (statistics paper)	—	The Plant Accelerator, Adelaide, Australia	Meng et al. [107]
salinity	controlled	wheat	2018	RGB	biomass/growth related traits	leaf Na+ and K+ concentrations	The Plant Accelerator, Adelaide, Australia	Asif et al. [108]
salinity	controlled	rice	2018	RGB—fluorescence	biomass/growth related traits	shoot biomass, gas exchange parameters (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration), chlorophyll concentrations	The Plant Accelerator, Adelaide, Australia	Yichie et al. [109]
salinity	controlled	wheat	2018	hyperspectral	NDVI and EGI	shoot and root biomass	University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States	Moghimi et al. [70]
salinity	field	tomato	2018	RGB	biomass/growth related traits, prediction of yield and yield components	shoot biomass and yield and yield components	UAVs. King Abdullah University for Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.	Johansen et al. [110]
salinity	controlled	lettuce	2019	fluorescence	chlorophyll fluorescence parameters	shoot biomass	PlantScreen TRANSECT XZ SYSTEM	Adhikari et al. [111]
salinity	controlled	okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)	2019	hyperspectral	plant and leaf segmentation	biomass, SPAD, sodium concentration, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate	—	Feng et al. [112]
salinity	controlled	wheat	2017	hyperspectral	stress detection, vegetation indices, leaf segmentation	shoot and root biomass	hyperspectral camera (PIKA II, Resonon, Inc, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA)	Moghimi et al. [113]