Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Species | Sex | Weight (g) | Age (week) | n (T/no T) | Model (establish; modeling standard) | Treatment group (administration; dose; course of treatment) | Outcome index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Didem Onk (2016)23 | SD rats | Male | 6/6 | SIJ STZ (50 mg/kg, BG > 400 mg/dL) | By intraperitoneal injection; 20 mg/kg/d; 1 week after establishing model (EM) | Scr | ||
| Eman (2019)24 | Wistar albino rats | Male | 100-150 | 6/6 | SIJ STZ (50 mg/kg, diabetes was confirmed by glucotest strips) | po; 10 mg/kg/d; 2 weeks after EM | Scr, BUN, GLU | |
| Faruk (2006)9 | SD rats | Male | 229.7 ± 32.9 | 11 | 9/8 | SIJ STZ (35 mg/kg, BG ≥ 300 mg/dL) | By intraperitoneal injection; 10 mg/kg/d; 8 weeks after EM | MDA, SOD |
| Elbe (2014)18 | Wistar albino rats | Male | 300-350 | 7/7 | SIJ STZ (45 mg/kg, BG ≥ 270 mg/dL) | By intraperitoneal injection; 10 mg/kg/d; 4 weeks and 2 days after EM | Scr, BUN, GLU, kidney weight, body weight, MDA, SOD, GSH, CAT | |
| Ha (1999)25 | SD rats | Male | 7 | 6/6 | Vein injection STZ (50 mg/kg, urine glucose concentrations > 2000 mg/dL) | po; melatonin supplement by 0.02% melatonin in drinking water; 4 weeks after EM | GLU, body weight | |
| Li (2019)26 | Wild-type (WT) mice | Male | 250 ± 10 | 8 | 6/6 | SIJ STZ (50 mg/kg, diabetes was confirmed by glucotest strips) | By intraperitoneal injection; 20 mg/kg/d; 12 weeks after EM | Scr, BUN, UAER, kidney weight |
| Katarzyna (2016)5 | Obese diabetic ZDF rats (homozygous fa/fa) | Male | 12 | 5/5 | Obese diabetic ZDF rats (homozygous fa/fa) | po; received water treated with melatonin (20 mg/L) only during the 12-hour dark cycle to mimic physiological circadian changes in the hormone concentration in blood; 4 weeks after EM | Scr, BUN, GLU, kidney weight, body weight | |
| Gumustekin (2007)27 | Wistar rats | Male | 170-300 | 5/5 | SIJ STZ (45 mg/kg, BG > 300 mg/dL) | By intraperitoneal injection; 10 mg/kg; 5 days after EM | GLU | |
| Anwar (2003)12 | SD rats | Male | 200-225 | 12/12 | SIJ STZ (60 mg/kg, BG > 5 mmol/L) | By intraperitoneal injection; 200 μg/kg/d; 2 weeks and 1 day after EM | GLU | |
| Cam (2003)28 | Wistar rats | Male | 200-250 | 5/6 | SIJ STZ (60 mg/kg, BG > 250 mg/dL) | By intraperitoneal injection; 200 μg/kg/d; 4 weeks after EM | GLU, body weight, MDA | |
| Fan (2020)a29 | db/db mice | Male | 9 | 12/12 | db/db mice | iv; 200 mg/kg/d; 4 weeks after EM | UAER, GLU, kidney weight, body weight | |
| Fan (2020)b29 | db/db mice | Male | 9 | 12/12 | db/db mice | iv; 100 mg/kg/d; 4 weeks after EM | UAER, GLU, kidney weight, body weight | |
| Fan (2020)c29 | db/db mice | Male | 9 | 12/12 | db/db mice | iv; 50 mg/kg/d; 4 weeks after EM | UAER, GLU, kidney weight, body weight | |
| Abdulmonim (2020)21 | Albino rats | Male | 200-250 | 8/8 | Nicotinamide (230 mg/kg) was injected, followed by STZ (65 mg/kg) 15 min later, BG > 110 mg/dL | po; 0.3 mg/kg/d; 8 weeks after EM | Scr, BUN, GLU | |
| Ebaid (2020)30 | Wistar albino rats | Male | 160-190 | 7/7 | SIJ STZ (50 mg/kg, BG > 200 mg/dL) | 10 mg/kg/d; 6 weeks after EM | Scr, BUN, GLU, body weight, MDA, SOD, GSH, CAT | |
| Motawi (2019)31 | Wistar albino rats | Male | 150-200 | 10/10 | SIJ STZ (50 mg/kg, BG 460-500 mg/dL) | By intraperitoneal injection; 200 μg/kg/d for 3 days before diabetes induction and continuously administered for 2 months | Scr, BUN, GLU, MDA, SOD, GSH | |
| Farrin (2010)32 | Wistar rats | Male | 180-220 | 8/8 | SIJ STZ (50 mg/kg, BG > 220 mg/dL) | By intraperitoneal injection; 10 mg/kg/d; 2 weeks after EM | CAT |