Table 1.
Participants’ demographics
| ASD-F (n = 40) |
ASD-M (n = 43) |
TC-F (n = 43) |
TC-M (n = 42) |
Group comparison (p-value) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agea (years) |
14.7 (6.6) [6.8, 38.8] |
12.8 (3.2) [7.3, 20.6] |
13.2 (4.2) [5.9, 27.8] |
14.3 (5.0) [7.2, 31.8] |
ASD vs. TD: 0.995 F vs. M: 0.635 ASD.F vs. ASD.M: 0.111 TC.F vs. TC.M: 0.294 ASD.F vs. TC.F: 0.231 ASD.M vs. TC.M: 0.123 |
| FIQa |
100.8 (14.9) [74, 132] |
102.8 (15.2) [72,132] |
106.9 (14.1) [80, 132] |
103.3 (13.9) [73, 132] |
ASD vs. TD: 0.138 F vs. M: 0.677 ASD.F vs. ASD.M: 0.546 TC.F vs. TC.M: 0.233 ASD.F vs. TC.F: 0.055 ASD.M vs. TC.M: 0.868 |
| ADI-R sociala,b |
17.4 (5.6) [7, 27] |
20.1 (5.9) [9, 29] |
– | – | ASD.F vs. ASD.M: 0.058 |
| ADI-R verbala,b |
13.8 (4.5) [4, 23] |
16.5 (4.0) [9, 24] |
– | – | ASD.F vs. ASD.M: 0.010* |
| ADI-R RRBa,b |
5.1 (2.4) [0, 12] |
5.5 (2.6) [1, 12] |
– | – | ASD.F vs. ASD.M: 0.568 |
| Social Responsiveness Scalea,c |
93.4 (29.9) [17,137] |
93.1 (27.9) [42, 155] |
19.7 (12.5) [2, 54] |
22.4 (19.4) [2, 85] |
ASD vs. TD: < 0.001* F vs. M: 0.701 ASD.F vs. ASD.M: 0.972 TC.F vs. TC.M: 0.231 ASD.F vs. TC.F: < 0.001* ASD.M vs. TC.M: < 0.001* |
| Eye state | 34 O/6 C | 37 O/6 C | 37 O/6 C | 36 O/6 C |
ASD vs. TD: 0.950 F vs. M: 0.950 ASD.F vs. ASD.M: 0.892 TC.F vs. TC.M: 0.965 ASD.F vs. TC.F: 0.892 ASD.M vs. TC.M: 0.965 |
| Mean framewise displacement (mm) |
0.09 (0.05) [0.04, 0.25] |
0.09 (0.05) [0.04, 0.23] |
0.08 (0.04) [0.03, 0.20] |
0.07 (0.05) [0.03, 0.25] |
ASD vs. TD: 0.109 F vs. M: 0.669 ASD.F vs. ASD.M: 0.766 TC.F vs. TC.M: 0.718 ASD.F vs. TC.F: 0.243 ASD.M vs. TC.M: 0.268 |
FIQ mean framewise displacement, ADI and Social Responsiveness Scale and Chi-square test for eye state at scan, ADI-R autism diagnostic interview-revised, ASD autism spectrum disorder, C closed eyes, F female, FIQ full scale intelligence quotient, M male, O open eyes, RRB restrictive, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior
*Statistically significant at p-value < 0.05. Group comparisons were made with t-test for independent samples age at scan
aData format: mean (standard deviation); [minimum, maximum]. Information was not available for b8 ASD-F and 4 ASD-M; c9 ASD-F, 12 ASD-M, 15 TC-F, and 17 TC-M participants