Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria (PICOS)

Topic	Inclusion	Exclusion
Population	Cancer patients aged 18 years or older diagnosed with any type of cancer. No restriction was applied to the setting Up to five years from diagnosis	Cancer patients under the age of 18 and childhood cancer survivors
Intervention	No intervention was specified but over the time period this may include treatment, supportive care, diagnosis	None
Comparison	The focus is not on comparison, but where studies do include a comparator or control this may include treatment, supportive care, and diagnosis	None
Outcome	Cancer related costs up to five years from diagnosis including OOP medical and non-medical costs, loss of income and lost productivity accruing to the person diagnosed with cancer and their family/caregivers	(i) Costs relating to pre-diagnosis (ii) costs accrued to sectors or systems rather than the individual and their family/caregivers and (iii) Papers where only total costs are reported (i.e. no breakdown of the components of the costs)
Study	Full‐text papers in English language. Published in peer-reviewed journals Papers included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies, cohort studies, case control studies, case studies, cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies, systematic reviews, quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies	Editorials, commentaries, discussion or reviews, position papers and abstracts