Table 2.

Psychosocial developmental milestones YACCS (total group and CNS cancer) versus the norm group; CoLQ scale scores^a

	YACCS total group			YACCS CNS cancer			Norm group			YACCS total vs norm	CNS cancer vs norm
	Males	Females	Total	Males	Females	Total	Males	Females	Total	Effect size d	Effect size d
Autonomy										0.05	− 0.36
Mean	9.17	9.17	9.17	8.63	8.52	8.56 b*	8.95	9.22	9.09
SD	1.52	1.55	1.53	1.64	1.55	1.57	1.44	1.46	1.46
N	272	282	554	19	42	61	321	334	655
Psychosexual										0.06	− 0.46
Mean	6.87	6.90	6.88	6.33	6.10	6.17 b*	6.64	6.94	6.80
SD	1.35	1.39	1.37	1.57	1.38	1.43	1.38	1.35	1.37
N	267	280	547	18	42	60	321	334	655
Social										0.15	− 0.26
Mean	20.92	20.35	20.63	20.47	19.12	19.51	20.12	20.33	20.23
SD	2.67	2.83	2.76	2.58	2.81	2.79	2.89	2.59	2.74
N	264	279	543	17	42	59	321	334	655

CNS central nervous system and miscellaneous intracranial and intraspinal neoplasm

Cohen’s d: mean score of YACCS total group or YACCS CNS cancer minus the mean score of the norm group divided by the standard deviation of the norm group (according to Cohen [26]). After Cohen [26], effect sizes up to 0.2 were considered to be small, effect sizes about 0.5 were considered to be medium, and effect sizes of about 0.8 were considered to be large

*p < 0.001

Significant differences (p < 0.013) between YACCS and the norm group are presented in bold

^aA higher scale score indicates that more milestones were achieved

^bYACCS of CNS cancer scored significantly lower than the norm group, according to ANOVA corrected for age and sex