Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, results of transthoracic echocardiography, and right heart catheterization of the full cohort and PS-matched cohort; n (%) if not otherwise specified
| Characteristics | Unmatched cohort | PS-matched cohort | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HM III + FMR (n = 92) | HM III + TMR (n = 27) | p value | HM III + FMR (n = 27) | HM III + TMR (n = 27) | p value | |
| Age, mean ± SD (years) | 58 ± 12 | 63 ± 9.1 | 0.05 | 64 ± 5.5 | 63 ± 9.1 | 0.72 |
| Male gender | 80 (87) | 23 (85) | 0.73 | 25 (93) | 23 (85) | 1 |
| Body mass index, mean ± SD (kg/m2) | 27 ± 4.7 | 27 ± 4.3 | 0.76 | 28 ± 4.5 | 27 ± 4.3 | 0.41 |
| Arterial hypertension | 48 (52) | 18 (67) | 0.2 | 20 (74) | 18 (67) | 0.77 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 22 (24) | 8 (30) | 0.62 | 10 (37) | 8 (30) | 0.77 |
| COLD | 14 (15) | 3 (11) | 0.76 | 5 (19) | 3 (11) | 0.7 |
| PAD | 10 (11) | 4 (15) | 0.52 | 4 (15) | 4 (15) | 1 |
| Stroke | 13 (14) | 9 (33) | 0.045 | 2 (3.7) | 9 (33) | 0.039 |
| Heart failure etiology | ||||||
| Ischemic heart failure | 47 (51) | 19 (70) | 0.084 | 18 (67) | 19 (70) | 1 |
| Non-ischemic heart failure | 45 (49) | 8 (30) | 0.084 | 9 (33) | 8 (30) | 1 |
| Previous CRT | 29 (32) | 17 (63) | 0.0062 | 10 (37) | 17 (63) | 0.1 |
| Previous ICD | 69 (75) | 27 (100) | 0.0018 | 21 (78) | 27 (100) | 0.023 |
| Number of MitraClips implanted | - | 1.8 ± 0.64 | - | - | 1.8 ± 0.64 | - |
| INTERMACS | 2.5 ± 0.93 | 2.5 ± 0.94 | 0.76 | 2.7 ± 0.83 | 2.5 ± 0.94 | 0.54 |
| Level 1 | 14 (15) | 3 (11) | 2 (7.4) | 3 (11) | ||
| Level 2 | 36 (39) | 12 (44) | 9 (33) | 12 (44) | ||
| Level 3 | 28 (30) | 7 (26) | 12 (44) | 7 (26) | ||
| Level 4 | 14 (15) | 5 (19) | 4 (15) | 5 (19) | ||
| Laboratory parameters | ||||||
| Blood urea nitrogen | 67 ± 41 | 70 ± 46 | 0.75 | 79 ± 43 | 70 ± 46 | 0.48 |
| Creatinine | 1.5 ± 0.78 | 1.5 ± 0.55 | 0.97 | 1.5 ± 0.49 | 1.5 ± 0.55 | 0.7 |
| T-bilirubin | 1.8 ± 2.3 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 0.72 | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 0.82 |
| Echocardiography | ||||||
| LVEF mean ± SD (%) | 22 ± 6.1 | 19 ± 4.9 | 0.035 | 22 ± 6.2 | 19 ± 4.9 | 0.054 |
| LVDd, mean ± SD (mm) | 70 ± 10 | 72 ± 6.1 | 0.37 | 69 ± 11 | 72 ± 6.1 | 0.18 |
| LVDs, mean ± SD (mm) | 64 ± 9.9 | 68 ± 7.6 | 0.23 | 65 ± 11 | 68 ± 7.6 | 0.4 |
| RVDd, mean ± SD (mm) | 45 ± 9.7 | 43 ± 7.8 | 0.44 | 46 ± 10 | 43 ± 7.8 | 0.41 |
| LVEDV, mean ± SD (ml) | 281 ± 125 | 317 ± 100 | 0.31 | 267 ± 141 | 317 ± 100 | 0.27 |
| LVESV, mean ± SD (ml) | 205 ± 89 | 246 ± 86 | 0.12 | 198 ± 107 | 246 ± 86 | 0.18 |
| MR grade, mean ± SD | 2.5 ± 0.52 | 2.3 ± 0.68 | 0.28 | 2.3 ± 0.47 | 2.3 ± 0.68 | 0.82 |
| TR grade, mean ± SD | 1.8 ± 0.76 | 1.8 ± 0.72 | 0.79 | 1.9 ± 0.75 | 1.8 ± 0.72 | 0.56 |
| TAPSE, mean ± SD (mm) | 17 ± 5.5 | 17 ± 4.8 | 0.94 | 18 ± 5.6 | 17 ± 4.8 | 0.84 |
| MVPG, mean ± SD (mm) | - | 2.44 ± 0.95 | - | 2.44 ± 0.95 | - | |
| Right heart catheterization | ||||||
| Systolic PAP, mean ± SD (mmHg) | 51 ± 15 | 50 ± 13 | 0.92 | 59 ± 13 | 50 ± 13 | 0.037 |
| Mean PAP, mean ± SD (mmHg) | 36 ± 10 | 34 ± 8.0 | 0.35 | 41 ± 9.1 | 34 ± 8.0 | 0.0071 |
| Diastolic PAP, mean ± SD (mmHg) | 28 ± 9.0 | 26 ± 6.2 | 0.39 | 31 ± 8.2 | 26 ± 6.2 | 0.018 |
| PCWP, mean ± SD (mmHg) | 27 ± 9.2 | 25 ± 8.2 | 0.35 | 31 ± 7.9 | 25 ± 8.2 | 0.014 |
| SVR, mean ± SD (dynes/sec/cm−5) | 1883 ± 722 | 1665 ± 585 | 0.23 | 1764 ± 581 | 1665 ± 585 | 0.58 |
| PVR, mean ± SD (dynes/sec/cm−5) | 274 ± 191 | 237 ± 138 | 0.4 | 303 ± 246 | 237 ± 1 38 | 0.28 |
| CO, mean ± SD (L/min) | 3.3 ± 2.2 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 0.7 | 3.2 ± 0.95 | 3.5 ± 1.1 | 0.34 |
| CI, mean ± SD (L/min/m2) | 1.5 ± 0.41 | 1.7 ± 0.48 | 0.11 | 1.6 ± 0.48 | 1.7 ± 0.48 | 0.45 |
| CVP, mean ± SD (mmHg) | 14 ± 6.6 | 15 ± 5.4 | 0.68 | 15 ± 6.2 | 15 ± 5.4 | 0.86 |
| DPG, mean ± SD (mmHg) | 8.9 ± 4.2 | 9.3 + 3.0 | 0.7 | 10 ± 4.5 | 9.3 ± 3.0 | 0.41 |
| TPG, mean ± SD (mmHg) | 10 ± 6.3 | 9.4 ± 5.3 | 0.69 | 11 ± 6.3 | 9.4 ± 5.3 | 0.52 |
HM, HeartMate 3; TMR, transcatheter percutaneous mitral valve repair; COLD, chronic obstructive lung disease; PAD, peripheral artery disease; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; ICD, implanted cardioverter defibrillator; INTERMACS, Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVDd, left ventricular diastolic diameter; LVDs, left ventricular systolic diameter; RVDd, right ventricular diastolic diameter; RVDs, right ventricular systolic diameter; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; MR, mitral valve regurgitation; TR, tricuspid valve regurgitation; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; MVPG, mitral valve pressure gradient; PAP, pulmonary artery pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; SVR, systemic vascular resistance; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; CO, cardiac output; CI, cardiac index; CVP, central venous pressure; DPG, diastolic pressure gradient; TPG, transpulmonary pressure gradient.