Table 1.
Demographics for the former-player groups (elite rugby, community rugby, non-contact sport)
| Elite rugby | Community rugby | Non-contact sport | Elite rugby versus community rugby | Elite rugby versus non-contact sport | Community rugby versus non-contact sport | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numeric variables | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | n | Mean (SD) | Cohen's d (95% confidence limits) | ||
| Age (years) | 127 | 43 (8.5) | 271 | 45 (8.0) | 72 | 42 (7.5) | − 0.3 (− 0.5 to − 0.1) | 0.0 (− 0.3 to 0.3) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5) |
| Stature (cm) | 126 | 184 (8.3) | 267 | 180 (8.1) | 71 | 181 (7.0) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.7) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.7) | − 0.1 (− 0.3 to 0.1) |
| Body mass (kg) | 126 | 103 (15.4) | 268 | 97 (18.1) | 71 | 87 (10.6) | 0.3 (0.1 to 0.5) | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.5) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.8) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 126 | 30 (3.5) | 267 | 30 (5.2) | 71 | 26 (2.6) | 0.1 (− 0.1 to 0.3) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.9) |
| Years of sport | 123 | 23 (8.0) | 264 | 23 (8.3) | 70 | 25 (7.5) | 0.0 (− 0.2 to 0.2) | − 0.2 (− 0.5 to 0.1) | − 0.2 (− 0.5 to − 0.0) |
| Percentage variables | n | % | n | % | n | % | Relative percentage (95% confidence limits) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Played 150 matches or more | 126 | 95 | 269 | 77 | 67 | 88 | 1.2 (1.2 to 1.3) | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0) |
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| NZ European (Pākehā) | 127 | 77 | 271 | 83 | 72 | 86 | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.0) | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) |
| NZ Māori | 20 | 16 | 2.8 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.9) | 7.1 (1.7 to 29.1) | 5.9 (1.5 to 23.5) | |||
| Pasifika | 13 | 3.0 | 0 | 4.2 (1.9 to 9.7) | |||||
| Other | 6.3 | 6.3 | 11 | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.3) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.5) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.3) | |||
| Education | |||||||||
| Secondary school | 127 | 23 | 271 | 28 | 72 | 21 | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.7) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) | 1.4 (0.8 to 2.2) |
| Post-school diploma | 22 | 28 | 12.5 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.1) | 1.8 (0.9 to 3.5) | 2.3 (1.2 to 4.3) | |||
| Bachelor's degree | 29 | 16 | 35 | 1.8 (1.2 to 2.6) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.3) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.7) | |||
| Post-graduate | 21 | 18 | 31 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.7) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) | 0.6 (0.4 to 0.9) | |||
| Income p/a | |||||||||
| < $50,000 | 114 | 19 | 235 | 15 | 71 | 13 | 1.3 (0.8 to 2.1) | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.1) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.3) |
| $50,000–$100,000 | 41 | 51 | 46 | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.0) | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.2) | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) | |||
| > $100,000 | 40 | 34 | 41 | 1.2 (0.9 to 1.6) | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.4) | 0.8 (0.6 to 1.2) | |||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married | 122 | 92 | 246 | 90 | 71 | 87 | 1.0 (1.0 to 1.1) | 1.1 (1.0 to 1.2) | 1.0 (0.9 to 1.1) |
| Single | 2.5 | 4.5 | 11 | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.9) | 0.2 (0.1 to 0.8) | 0.4 (0.2 to 1.0) | |||
| Divorced or widowed | 5.7 | 5.7 | 1.4 | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.4) | 4.1 (0.5 to 32.4) | 4.0 (0.5 to 30.2) | |||
Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation or a percentage (%) of participants as indicated. We have bolded standardised differences in means that are > 0.6 (moderate effects or greater) and relative percentages that are > 1.43 (at least a moderate difference between groups). The n is shown for the total group numbers who answered the questions for ethnicity, education, income per annum (p/a) and marital status
BMI body mass index, NZ New Zealand, SD standard deviation