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. 2022 Jun 21;12:10462. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12874-2

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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A potato genetic landscape revealed by DAPC and KLFDAPC. (A) The ringplot shows the percentages of clones belonging to each of the six inferred clusters based on DAPC for an extended 393-line diversity panel. . The world map was downloaded from the Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_Map_Blank_-_with_blue_sea.svg). The percentages were calculated for 188, 14, 73, and 94 potato clones from North America, Europe, Korea, and Japan, respectively. Note that clones with unknown origins were not included in the ringplots. Below the world map are the clusters originating from the seven countries from which only one potato clone was analyzed in this study. The roman numbers represent individual clusters identified by DAPC. CL; Chile, KZ; Kazakhstan, NZ; New Zealand, BR: Brazil, RU; Russia, BE; Belarus, CH; China. (B) Population genetic structure projected by the first two reduced features in KLFDAPC with σ = 2 for the Korean potato clones and potato varieties released from Japan, the United States, and other countries (Table S2). These results confirm that clustering depends on the geographical location (Korea, Japan, and the USA) where the original crossing was carried out. Potato clones from Europe and other countries are placed into the Japanese cluster. The landrace potatoes are highlighted.