Fig. 1. SPARCED is a structured, human interpretable, and easy to modify big mechanistic model.

a The schematic of the underlying model for SPARCED. Image adapted from⁴⁰. b The pan-cancer mechanistic model Bouhaddou2018 is re-written in open-source and structured file format. The steps of model construction include input file creation and conversion into an SBML file. The optional initialization step calibrates model parameters for new cellular contexts and phenotypic behaviors. The annotated SBML model file and stochastic module are simulated together at single-cell level locally or by using cloud-computing. The benefits of the new SPARCED model include easy alteration and expansion capabilities through text file editing, human-readable annotated input files, and use of Jupyter notebooks for model creation and simulation. The modeling pipeline introduced here are inline with good practices of re-usable big mechanistic models⁵⁷. c The Bouhaddou2018 model file types are simplified and converted into open-source platforms.