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. 2022 Jun 21;12:10428. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14074-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic of experimental setup. The spatially filtered Gaussian beam is divided using a polarization beam splitter. The transmitted beam passes through a lens that generates a spherical wavefront. The second beam reflects off a spatial light modulator (SLM) and then passes through the TPS. Two measurement types are accommodated. The first one, labeled as "global phase measurement", is the self-interference of the scattered beam, which is realized by blocking the reference arm with a mechanical shutter. The second measurement, labeled as "local phase measurement", comprises four separate measurements to infer the spatial distribution of complex scattered field. This is achieved using a liquid crystal retarder (LCR) operated at a rate of hundreds of kHz.