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. 2022 Jun 21;6:42. doi: 10.1038/s41698-022-00287-3

Fig. 4. The immunosuppressive effects of sEV PD-L1.

Fig. 4

sEV PD-L1 acts as second signal and exerts inhibitor signals on T cells through PD-1, which promoted the apoptosis of T cells and suppressed the activation and production of cytokines.